羌塘盆地毕洛错地区古油藏地球化学特征与油源对比

杨易卓; 黄志龙; 赵珍; 唐友军

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.008

羌塘盆地毕洛错地区古油藏地球化学特征与油源对比

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.008

杨易卓^{1, 2,},
黄志龙^{1, 2},
赵珍^3, ,,
唐友军⁴

1.
中国石油大学地球科学学院，北京 102249
2.
中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室，北京 102249
3.
中国地质科学院，北京 100037
4.
长江大学资源与环境学院，湖北武汉 430100

基金项目:

羌塘北部龙尾错地区油气地质调查项目 DD20211343

基于多源信息的羌塘盆地断裂保存条件及油气勘探选区研究项目 XZ202101ZY0014G

详细信息

作者简介:
杨易卓（1994—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为油气地球化学. E-mail：516158861@qq.com

通讯作者:
赵珍, E-mail: zhaozhen03@126.com

中图分类号: P618
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-25

Geochemical Characteristics and Oil Source Correlation of Paleo-Reservoirs in Biluocuo Area, Qiangtang Basin

Yang Yizhuo^{1, 2
,},
Huang Zhilong^{1, 2},
Zhao Zhen^{3
, ,},
Tang Youjun⁴

1.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
4.
College of Resources and Enviroment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

摘要

摘要: 羌塘盆地是一个大型中生代海相沉积盆地，盆地内发育多套烃源岩，并发现多处古油藏和油气显示，确定古油藏油源对油气勘探至关重要.为明确古油藏油源，对古油藏和烃源岩样品进行地球化学分析.研究表明古油藏可分为2类：Ⅰ类古油藏整体处于成熟-高成熟阶段，C₂₄四环萜烷丰度较高，三环萜烷丰度低，C₂₉规则甾烷占有一定优势，C₂₉藿烷含量较高，体现出以陆源有机质贡献为主的特征.Ⅱ类古油藏整体处于低成熟-成熟阶段，以C₂₃三环萜烷为主峰，低丰度C₂₄四环萜烷，C₂₇规则甾烷占优势，表明母质来源以低等水生生物为主.油源对比表明，两类古油藏来源于不同的烃源岩，Ⅰ类油藏来自于上三叠统扎那组烃源岩，Ⅱ类油藏主要为下侏罗统曲色组烃源岩的贡献.
- 羌塘盆地 /
- 古油藏 /
- 烃源岩 /
- 生物标志化合物 /
- 油源对比 /
- 油气地质
Abstract: Qiangtang basin is a large Mesozoic marine sedimentary basin, in which several sets of source rocks are developed, and many paleo-reservoirs and hydrocarbon indications are discovered. Determining the oil source of paleo-reservoirs is very important for oil and gas exploration. In order to clarify the oil source of the paleo-reservoir, geochemical analysis of oil and source rock samples is carried out in this paper. The results show that the paleo-reservoirs can be divided into two types: type Ⅰ paleo-reservoirs are in the mature-high mature stage in general with the high content of C₂₄ tetracyclic terpane, the low tricyclic terpane abundance, C₂₉ regular sterane with certain advantages in content, and high C₂₉ hopane content, reflecting the contribution of terrigenous organic matter. Type Ⅱ paleo-reservoir is in the low mature-mature stage in general, with C₂₃ tricyclic terpane as the main peak, low content of C₂₄ tetracyclic terpane and the domination of C₂₇ regular sterane, indicating the precursor was mainly lower aquatic organisms. The oil-source correlation result shows that the two types of paleo-reservoirs come from different source rocks. Type Ⅰ crude oil comes from the source rocks of Zhana Formation of Upper Triassic, and type Ⅱ crude oil is mainly contributed by the source rocks of Quse Formation of Lower Jurassic.
- Qiangtang basin /
- paleo-reservoir /
- source rock /
- biomarker /
- oil-source correlation /
- petroleum geology

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图 1 研究区位置与样品分布

Fig. 1. Study area location and sample distribution

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图 2 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏链烷烃分布特征

Fig. 2. Distribution characteristics of alkanes in reservoirs in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

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图 3 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏质量色谱图分布特征（m/z191）

Fig. 3. Distribution characteristics of mass chromatogram of reservoir in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin(m/z191)

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图 4 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏C₂₄Te/C₂₆TT与C₁₉/C₂₃TT相关关系图

Fig. 4. Correlation between C₂₄Te/C₂₆TT and C₁₉/C₂₃TT of Biluocuo reservoir in Qiangtang basin

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图 5 羌塘盆地毕洛错油藏Ga/C₃₀H和Ts/Tm相关图

Fig. 5. The relationship between Ga/C₃₀H and Ts/Tm in reservoirs of Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

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图 6 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏甾烷系列分布图（m/z217）

Fig. 6. Distribution of sterane series in Biluocuo area of Qiangtang basin(m/z217)

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图 7 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏甾烷成熟度相关参数

Fig. 7. Parameters related to sterane maturity of reservoir in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

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图 8 毕洛错地区古油藏及油气显示应用统计类平均聚类分析图

Fig. 8. Application of statistical class average cluster analysis for paleo-reservoir and oil and gas display in Biluocuo area

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图 9 毕洛错地区烃源岩氢指数与热解最高温峰相关关系

Fig. 9. Correlation plot of HI and T_max from source rocks from Biluocuo area

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图 10 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区烃源岩、油藏C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉-ααα (R)甾烷分布三角图

Fig. 10. C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉-ααα (R) correlation diagram of source rocks and reservoirs in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

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图 11 羌塘盆地研究区烃源岩、油藏C₂₄Te/C₂₆TT与C₁₉/C₂₃TT相关关系图

Fig. 11. Cross plot of C₂₄Te/C₂₆TT versus C₁₉/C₂₃TT of source rocks and reservoirs from Qiangtang basin study area

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图 12 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区古油藏与烃源岩中萜烷类化合物分布对比

Fig. 12. Distribution comparisons of terpanes in paleo-reservoirs and source rocks in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

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图 13 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏与烃源岩甾烷类化合物分布对比

Fig. 13. Distribution comparison of steranes between reservoirs and source rocks in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

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图 14 油藏与烃源岩单体烃同位素对比

Fig. 14. Comparison of monomer hydrocarbon isotopes of reservoir and source rocks

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表 1 羌塘盆地烃源岩等级划分标准（据赵政璋等，2001修改）

Table 1. Classification standard of source rocks in Qiangtang basin (according to Zhao et al., 2001)

级别	碳酸盐岩烃源岩
	总有机碳	氯仿沥青A	总烃	S₁+S₂
	(%)	(%)	（10^-6）	(mg/g)
非烃源岩	< 0.10	< 0.03	< 100	< 1
较差烃源岩	0.10~0.3	0.03~0.05	100~200	1~2
中等烃源岩	0.3~0.7	0.05~0.10	200~500	2~5
好烃源岩	0.7~1.4	0.10~0.20	500~1 000	5~10
很好烃源岩	> 1.4	> 0.20	> 1 000	> 10

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表 2 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏链烷烃参数

Table 2. Parameters of alkanes in Biluocuo reservoir of Qiangtang basin

地区	样品编号	地层	CPI	OEP	∑nC₂₁^-/ ∑nC₂₂⁺	Pr/Ph	Pr/C₁₇	Ph/C₁₈
德如日	DT-0065 S1	布曲组	1.36	0.90	1.25	0.39	0.71	1.25
	DT-0065 S2	布曲组	1.10	0.99	0.89	0.59	0.69	1.05
	DT-0125 S	布曲组	1.50	0.80	1.31	0.37	0.66	0.97
索日卡	DT-0109 S1	布曲组	1.05	0.99	0.37	0.43	0.90	0.47
	DT-0109 S2	布曲组	1.01	1.01	0.72	0.50	0.46	0.69
	DT-0109 S3	布曲组	1.19	1.01	0.63	0.47	0.50	0.79
	DT-0223 S	布曲组	1.02	0.99	0.50	0.41	0.45	0.59
	DT-0230 S	布曲组	1.01	0.91	0.44	0.38	0.85	1.18
	DT-0270 S	布曲组	1.19	1.13	0.19	0.49	1.54	0.57
	DT-0274 S	布曲组	1.08	0.97	0.66	0.47	0.51	0.83
桑嘎尔塘布	DT-0235 S	布曲组	1.11	0.85	0.66	0.41	1.15	1.57
	DT-0257 S	布曲组	1.19	1.22	0.22	0.51	0.73	1.46
	DT-0281 S	布曲组	1.15	1.07	0.18	0.43	0.94	0.65
	AD17309 S	布曲组	0.93	0.95	0.10	0.78	1.93	1.86
	AD17311 S1	布曲组	1.42	1.53	0.21	0.34	0.27	0.55
	AD17312 S4	布曲组	1.12	1.25	0.69	0.61	0.18	0.35
	PMSG02-2 S	布曲组	1.13	1.10	0.11	0.18	0.39	0.93
巴格底加日	AD17270-1S	布曲组	1.15	1.07	0.34	0.38	0.30	0.38
巴格底加日	PMBG05-2S	布曲组	1.08	1.04	0.49	0.29	0.12	0.24
牙夏赛	PMYX10-1S	布曲组	1.00	1.17	0.46	0.41	0.27	0.42

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表 3 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区油藏生标参数

Table 3. Parameters of reservoir biomarkers in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

地区	样品编号	C₂₁TT/ C₂₃TT	C₂₄TeT/ C₂₆TT	Ga/ C₃₀H	Ts/ Tm	C₂₉-αββ/(αββ+ααα)	C₂₉20S/ (20S+20R)
德如日	DT-0065 S1	0.62	0.49	0.27	0.80	0.43	0.46
	DT-0065 S2	0.77	0.56	0.21	0.61	0.38	0.43
	DT-0125 S	0.61	0.51	0.32	0.71	0.42	0.46
索日卡	DT-0109 S1	0.43	5.19	0.11	1.20	0.43	0.39
	DT-0109 S2	0.70	1.88	0.19	1.95	0.40	0.44
	DT-0109 S3	0.59	2.36	0.15	1.07	0.39	0.42
	DT-0223 S	0.80	2.07	0.27	3.38	0.39	0.43
	DT-0230 S	0.61	1.25	0.14	0.50	0.41	0.45
	DT-0270 S	0.47	1.34	0.17	1.57	0.42	0.43
	DT-0274 S	0.51	1.69	0.14	1.26	0.29	0.26
桑嘎尔塘布	DT-0235 S	0.71	0.53	0.30	1.04	0.41	0.45
	DT-0257 S	0.42	0.44	0.28	0.81	0.40	0.42
	DT-0281 S	0.74	0.71	0.29	1.35	0.43	0.47
	AD17309 S	0.31	0.51	0.19	0.95	0.43	0.45
	AD17311 S1	0.49	0.54	0.15	0.96	0.41	0.43
	AD17312 S4	0.46	0.64	0.17	1.12	0.47	0.50
	PMSG02-2 S	0.25	0.49	0.21	0.89	0.43	0.47
巴格底加日	AD17270-1S	0.46	0.60	0.12	0.74	0.47	0.23
巴格底加日	PMBG05-2S	0.43	0.80	0.21	1.22	0.45	0.49
牙夏赛	PMYX10-1S	0.50	3.87	0.09	0.33	0.41	0.36

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表 4 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区烃源岩有机质丰度统计表

Table 4. Statistic of organic matter abundance of source rocks in Biluocuo area of Qiangtang basin

地层	总有机碳	产油潜率	氯仿沥青A	总烃	硫含量	评价
地层	(%)	S₁+S₂(mg/g)	(%)	(10^-6)	(%)	评价
扎那组	0.80~24.60	0.94~26.18	0.010~0.544	452~1 732	0.03~0.16	中等—好
扎那组	10.21	10.68	0.249	1 219	0.11	中等—好
曲色组	0.28~9.07	0.06~78.99	0.002~1.407	24~3 545	0.10~0.68	差—优质
曲色组	4.59	28.46	0.363	1 534	0.39	差—优质
注：$\frac{{0.28 - 9.07}}{{4.59}}$表示$\frac{{最小值 - 最大值}}{平均值}$.

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表 5 羌塘盆地毕洛错地区烃源岩生标参数

Table 5. Biomarker parameters of source rocks in Biluocuo area, Qiangtang basin

样品编号	地层	Pr/Ph	C₂₁TT/C₂₃TT	C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT	Ga/C₃₀H
DT-0019 S	曲色组	0.63	0.07	0.51	0.23
DT-0021 S1	曲色组	0.70	0.10	0.61	0.23
DT-0021 S2	曲色组	0.64	0.12	0.49	0.27
DT-0022 S	曲色组	0.74	0.20	0.50	0.05
DT-0023 S1	曲色组	0.60	0.25	0.79	0.12
DT-0023 S2	曲色组	0.61	0.21	0.65	0.12
DT-0026 S1	曲色组	0.69	0.34	1.01	0.06
DT-0026 S2	曲色组	0.58	0.27	0.59	0.11
DT-0136 S1	曲色组	0.69	0.17	0.51	0.30
DT-0136 S2	曲色组	0.65	0.18	0.53	0.28
BL-01	曲色组	0.49	0.19	0.54	0.12
BL-02	曲色组	0.54	0.17	0.49	0.13
BL-03	曲色组	0.38	0.18	0.54	0.10
BL-04	曲色组	0.48	0.19	0.54	0.12
BL-05	曲色组	0.48	0.19	0.55	0.12
AD17303 S	曲色组	0.37	0.18	0.52	0.12
AD17389 S	曲色组	0.48	0.14	0.47	0.26
AD17020 S1	扎那组	2.96	1.56	3.00	0.04
AD17020 S2	扎那组	2.26	2.54	4.70	0.03
AD17021 S1	扎那组	8.57	1.27	1.44	0.13

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