Yangtze River Contributed Detrital Materials to Jianghan Basin during Early Pleistocene: Constraints from Detrital Zircon U-Pb Ages
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摘要: 江汉盆地西部和东部分布的宜昌和阳逻砾石层是否和长江的演化发育有关，目前一直存有争议.基于此，我们对宜昌和阳逻砾石层开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析，同时对宜昌砾石层近源的沮漳河和清江，以及阳逻砾石层周边的汉江、澴水、倒水和举水开展碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄测试，共取得654个新锆石U-Pb年龄数据.结合区域内砾石层的堆积时代和已报道的长江上游碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄结果，系统判定宜昌和阳逻砾石层的物源区.结果表明，长江至少在1.2~0.7 Ma和1.3 Ma成为宜昌和阳逻砾石层的砂层物质供给河流.通过和长江上游、下游同期砾石层对比，以及河流物源示踪结果，说明串联上游、中游和下游的长江在早更新世稳定出现，是对青藏高原隆升和东亚夏季风增强的响应.因而，东亚地区早更新世持续的构造过程和环境变化共同作用，对孕育长度超过6 000 km的大陆尺度的长江的稳定出现至关重要.Abstract: It remains controversial whether the Yichang and Yangluo gravel beds in the west and east of the Jianghan basin are related to the evolution and development of the Yangtze River. To address the problem, it carried out the detrital zircon U-Pb age analysis from the Yichang and Yangluo gravel layers. The U-Pb age analysis was also conducted on the Juzhang and Qingjiang rivers close to the Yichang gravel layers. It also analyzes detrital zircon U-Pb ages in Huanshui, Daoshui and Jushui rivers surrounding the Yangluo gravel bed. A total of 654 new zircon U-Pb ages have been reported. It collected the published detrital zircon U-Pb ages from the upper reach of the Yangtze River in the region, combined with the sedimentary age of the gravel beds, and systematically identified the material sources of the Yichang and Yangluo gravel beds. The results show that the Yangtze River becomes the sand material supply river of Yichang and Yangluo gravel beds in 1.2-0.7 Ma and 1.3 Ma, respectively. The comparison with the gravel beds in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the provenance tracing results indicate that the Yangtze River appeared in the Early Pleistocene in response to the uplift of the Tibetan plateau and the intensification of the East Asian summer monsoon. Therefore, the combination of continuous tectonic processes and environmental changes in East Asia during the Early Pleistocene was crucial to the stable emergence of the Yangtze River with a continent-scale length of more than 6 000 km.
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Key words:
- Yangtze River /
- zircon /
- gravel layer /
- provenance tracing /
- U-Pb age /
- Quaternary geology /
- environmental geology
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图 2 江汉盆地冲积扇分布位置图(a.据陈立德和邵长生, 2016)；宜昌和阳逻砾石层柱状图与江汉盆地和长江下游地区对比，常德(赵举兴等, 2014)，洞庭盆地(柏道远等, 2010)，江汉盆地西部(Zhang et al., 2008)，江汉盆地东部(顾延生等, 2018)，九江长江河流阶地(蒋复初等, 1997)，长江三角洲(Yang et al., 2006; 黎兵等, 2011)(b)
Fig. 2. Location map of alluvial fans in Jianghan basin (a.modified from Chen and Shao, 2016); comparison of Yichang and Yangluo gravel bed histogram with Jianghan basin and lower Yangtze River area, Changde (Zhao et al., 2014), Dongting basin (Bai et al., 2010), western Jianghan basin (Zhang et al., 2008), eastern Jianghan basin (Gu et al., 2018), the terraces of the Yangtze River in Jiujiang (Jiang et al., 1997), Yangtze River delta (Yang et al., 2006; Li et al., 2011) (b)
图 3 野外样品采集照片，五角星代表采样位置
Fig. 3. Photos of field sample collection, the pentagram represents the sampling location
图 7 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄多维尺度(MDS)图
实线和虚线分别将样品与它们的“最近”和“第二接近”的样品连接起来
Fig. 7. Multidimensional scaling map for detrital zircon U-Pb ages. Solid lines and dashed lines connect samples with their "closest" and "second closest" neighbors, respectively
图 8 东亚早更新世晚期主要构造和气候时间分布
Fig. 8. Temporal distribution of main tectonics and climate in late Early Pleistocene in East Asia
表 1 样品采集信息
Table 1. Collected sampling point information
样品性质 采样点 经度(E) 纬度(N) 砂层(Y1) 宜昌 111°27'39" 30°33'10" 砂层(Y2) 宜昌 111°26'04" 30°31'50" 清江河漫滩 宜都 111°22'27" 30°24'07" 沮漳河河漫滩 当阳 111°45′40″ 30°51′44″ 汉江河漫滩 襄阳 111°58'18" 32°05'43" 砂层(Y3) 阳逻 114°33′10″ 30°41′35″ 澴水河漫滩 孝昌 113°57′47″ 31°14′58″ 倒水河漫滩 李集 114°40′08″ 30°52′59″ 举水河漫滩 新洲 114°45′42″ 30°55′47″ 
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