Sandstone Distribution and Reservoir Characteristics of Shahejie Formation in Huangheko Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 中央构造脊是在黄河口凹陷内受走滑挤压作用形成的水下同沉积洼内隆起，同时也是黄河口凹陷重要的油气聚集带；但脊内沙河街组储层非均质性强，其砂体展布与储层发育规律尚不明确，制约了深部勘探部署.通过三维地震、钻测井、岩矿数据分析恢复了沙河街组沉积期中央构造脊古地貌特征、落实构造脊东西砂体展布与南北物源供给界限，并将构造脊细分为东、西、南3个主要单元对储层发育的差异性进行详细研究. 通过微观储层分析刻画结合构造-沉积特征总结不同单元储层发育特征，表明东脊沙三段沉积期地势较低，为主物源通道，南北搬运距离远，砂体成熟度高；后期隆升诱导裂缝发育，渗透率升高，优质储层发育；西脊沉积期地势较高，为主物源侧翼，薄层杂砂岩，泥质含量高，局部钙质发育，储层欠发育；南脊持续隆升，作为南北物源交互区，脊内微隆起周期出露水面沉积淋滤碳酸盐岩造成临近砂体碳酸盐胶结强，物性相对较差.Abstract: The Central Structural Ridge, a synsedimentary subaqueous uplift controlled by strike-slip movement in Huanghekou Sag, is an important hydrocarbon bearing zone in Bohai Sea area. It is characterized by inapparent altitude difference, frequent internal reliefchange and strong reservoir heterogeneity. The characteristicsof sandbody distribution and reservoir development of thirdmemberof Shahejie Formationinthisbelt are not clear yet. In this paper, weconductpalaeogeomorphologic reconstruction bycombining seismic and drilling data and subdivide the belt into east, west and south parts. We separated the ranges of southern and northern source areas through light and heavy mineral data. Through synthetic analysis, we build the tectonic-deposition-reservoir patterns which could guide the exploration effectively. During the depositionof the thirdmemberof Shahejie Formation, the east Ridge was relativelylow and played the role of the major sediment channel. The sediment could transport longdistance towards the south with high maturity. The fractures developing inside the particles due to following tectonic inversion highly improved the permeability and resulted in development high-quality reservoirs. The west Ridge was relatively high and located aside the major channel and deposited thin sandstones with thick mudstone showing poor reservoir quality. The south Ridge located in the intersecting zone between north and south sediments adjacent to the central high landform causing strong carbonate cementing in sandstones.
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图 1 黄河口凹陷区域地质图与典型剖面
Fig. 1. Regional geological map and typical seismic sections of the Huanghekou Sag
图 3 中央构造脊物源交互区B/C构造沙河街组格架矿物组成
Fig. 3. The mineral compositions of the Shahejie Formation from Structures B and Structures C located in the transition zones of north and south source areas, Central Structural Ridge
图 4 中央构造脊物源交互区B/C构造沙河街组主要重矿物组成
饼图内数字为样品深度，单位为m
Fig. 4. Heavy mineral compositions of the Shahejie Formation from the Structure B and Structure C located in the transition zones of north and south source areas, Central Structural Ridge
图 5 中央构造脊A与B构造典型钻井(左)与岩性特征（右）
a. A-1井，3 460.70 m，杂砂岩，粒间充填绘制，单偏光；b. E-2井，3 383 m，灰质杂砂岩，钙质充填；c. B-1井，3 365.70 m，净砂岩，孔隙发育，铸体薄片，红色铸体；d. B-2AD井，3 725 m，净砂岩，孔隙发育，铸体薄片，红色铸体
Fig. 5. Typical boreholes (left) and reservoir lithologic features of Structure A and Structure B in Central Structural Ridge
图 6 中央构造脊古地貌特征与砂体展布模式图
Fig. 6. Paleogeographic features and sandbody distribution pattern of the Central Structural Ridge
图 7 中央构造脊沙河街组西侧E, 东侧B与南部C构造储层物性特征
Fig. 7. Reservoir physical property of Shahejie Formation from Structure E in west part, Structure B in east part and Structure C in south part of the Central Structural Ridge
图 8 中央构造脊B构造沙河街组储层发育特征
a. 粒间孔与砾内裂缝发育，铸体薄片（蓝色铸体），3 365.7 m，B-1井；b. A的局部放大，可见铸体充注砾内裂缝；c. 粒间孔与砾内缝发育，铸体薄片（红色铸体），3 724 m（斜深），A-2D井；d. 砾内裂缝发育联通粒间孔隙，电子扫描电镜背散射图像，3 724.6 m（斜深），B-2D井；e. 裂缝切穿局部方解石胶结物，电子扫描电镜背散射图像，3 724.6 m（斜深），B-2D井，；f. 典型样品矿物相对成分组成，X衍射数据，B-1井，沙三段
Fig. 8. Reservoir features of Shahejie Formation from Structure B, Central Structural Ridge
图 9 中央构造脊C构造沙河街组储层发育特征
a. 为C-3井单井柱状图；b. 湖相泥晶云岩岩心照片，见岩溶角砾，3 303 m，C-3井；c. 湖相云岩岩溶角砾，原岩（Dol-1），发育一期白云石胶结（Dol-2），一期方解石胶结充填（Cal），可见残留粒间孔（P），铸体薄片，3 300 m，C-3井；d. 碳酸盐胶结砂岩，发育两期白云石胶结（Dol-1，Dol-2），一期方解石胶结充填（Cal），铸体薄片，3 297.7 m，C-3井；e. 云质胶结砂岩，扫描电镜背散射图像，3 510 m，C-5井；f. 云质胶结砂岩，阴极发光，首期白云石发亮橘黄色，次期发暗橘黄色光，3 510 m，C-5井
Fig. 9. Reservoir development characteristics of Shahejie Formation in Central Structural Ridge C Structure
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