Provenance Characteristic of Devonian Chaganhabu Formation in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton and Its Tectonic Significance
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摘要: 白乃庙岛弧带位于华北克拉通北缘，其与华北克拉通北缘的拼贴时限，是理解华北克拉通北缘增生过程的关键. 为了限定弧‒陆碰撞的时限，对白乃庙岛弧与华北克拉通拼合带的早古生代沉积地层——查干哈布组开展了锆石U-Pb定年和锆石Lu-Hf同位素测试. 结果显示，查干哈布组中3颗最年轻锆石的加权平均年龄为393.5± 4.9 Ma. 综合锆石年龄和前人化石资料，限定查干哈布组最大沉积年龄为早泥盆世晚期. 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱和Hf同位素组成显示查干哈布组的物源为白乃庙岛弧带，基本没有来自华北克拉通的物源. 研究结果结合区域资料表明，白乃庙岛弧带与华北克拉通北缘在早泥盆世可能仍未发生弧‒陆碰撞.Abstract: The Bainaimiao arc belt is located in the northern margin of the North China Craton. The exact time of the collision between the Bainaimiao arc belt and the North China Craton is thus a key for understanding the accretionary process of the northern margin of the North China Craton. In order to constrain the collision time of the Bainaimiao arc belt and the North China Craton, this study carried out zircon U-Pb age dating and zircon Lu-Hf isotope analysis of the Chaganhabu Formation. The weighted average age of the three youngest zircons from the Chaganhabu Formation is 393.5±4.9 Ma, consistent with previous paleontological reports. Therefore, the maximum deposition age of the Chaganhabu Formation is the late Early Devonian. Moreover, the characteristic of zircon U-Pb age spectra and Hf isotope of the Chaganhabu Formation is similar to that of the Bainaimiao arc belt and different from that of the North China Craton, which means that the provenance of the Chaganhabu Formation is the Bainaimiao arc belt rather than the North China Craton. Combined with regional tectonic research, these data indicate that during the Early Devonian, there was still a wide ocean between the Bainaimiao arc belt and the northern margin of the North China Craton, and the arc-continent collision has not yet occurred.
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图 1 中亚造山带大地构造位置简图（a据Windley and Xiao, 2018修改）及内蒙古中段区域地质简图（b据Xiao et al., 2003修改）
Fig. 1. Tectonic sketch map of the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (a; modified after Windley and Xiao, 2018) and tectonic sketch map of central Inner Mongolia (b; modified after Xiao et al., 2003)
图 2 白云鄂博地区地质简图
据内蒙古自治区地质调查院, 2003, 内蒙古1∶25万白云鄂博幅（K49C003002）区域地质调查报告修改
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of Bayan Obo area of the Bainaimiao arc belt
图 3 白云鄂博地区沉积岩样品野外和镜下照片
a.石英砂岩野外照片，20BY04；b.长石石英砂岩野外照片，20BY12；c.石英砂岩镜下照片，20BY04；d.长石石英砂岩镜下照片，20BY12. Bt.黑云母；Kfs.钾长石；L.岩屑；Mc.微斜长石；Pl.斜长石；Qz.石英
Fig. 3. Field photos and photomicrograph of sediments in the Bayan Obo
图 4 锆石阴极发光图像
a.石英砂岩，20BY04；b.长石石英砂岩，20BY12；红色圆圈为测年点位；黄色圆圈为Hf同位素测点
Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of representative zircons dated in this study
图 5 碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图（左列）和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱（右列）
Fig. 5. Detrital zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of sediments (left columns) and detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra (right columns)
图 6 εHf(t) vs. 锆石U-Pb年龄
白乃庙岛弧带，据Zhang et al.（2014）、Chen et al.（2016）、Liu et al.（2020）、Zhou et al.（2021）；华北克拉通，据Zhang et al.（2014）、Zhou et al.（2021）
Fig. 6. εHf(t) vs. zircon U-Pb age
图 7 锆石U-Pb年龄谱对比
a.华北克拉通北缘，据Rojas-Agramonte et al.（2011）、Zhou et al.（2018b），20BY04；b.白乃庙岛弧带，据Zhang et al.（2014）、Chen et al.（2016）、Zhou et al.(2018a, 2021)、Tang et al.（2021）；c.西别河组，据Ma et al.（2019）、Chen et al.（2020）、Tang et al.（2021）；d.查干哈布组，本次研究，20BY12
Fig. 7. Comparison of detrital zircon U-Pb age spectra diagrams for sediments and volcanic rocks in the Bayan Obo area
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