Characteristics of the Terrestrial Heat Flow and Lithospheric Thermal Structure in Central Cangxian Uplift: A Case Study of Xianxian Geothermal Field
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摘要: 岩石圈热结构是了解大陆岩石圈构造变形及演化等大陆动力学问题的重要基础，更是地热田热源机理研究的核心问题，尤其对于深部地热资源开发具有重要的科学指导意义.沧县隆起中部地热资源丰富，地热地质条件较好，但该地区岩石圈热结构尚不明确，制约着区域地热资源勘查开发.本文以沧县隆起中部献县地热田为研究区，开展了4 000 m深井测温、精细的岩土热物性测试，查明了该区大地热流特征及热结构特征，填补了大地热流测量空白区，建立了研究区岩石圈热结构概念模型，估算了其深部温度及岩石圈厚度.结果表明，献县地热田大地热流值为70.58 mW/m2，居里面埋深约为24 km，莫霍面温度约为749 ℃，热岩石圈厚度约为85~96 km.Abstract: Understanding the lithospheric thermal structure is an important basis for understanding the continental dynamics (i.e., tectonic deformation and evolution) of the continental lithosphere. It is also the core of studies on the thermal source mechanisms of geothermal fields. Most importantly, it can provide scientific guidance for the exploration and development of deep geothermal resources. The Cangxian uplift enjoys rich geothermal resources and favorable geothermal geological conditions. However, its lithospheric thermal structure is still unclear, which restricts the exploration and development of regional geothermal resources. Focusing on the Xianxian geothermal field in the middle part of the Cangxian uplift through the temperature measurement of a 4 000 m deep well and fine tests of geotechnical thermophysical properties, this study has ascertained the characteristics of the terrestrial heat flow and lithospheric thermal structure in the study area, thus filling the gap in terrestrial heat flow measurement. Moreover, this study has established a conceptual model of the lithospheric thermal structure of the study area and estimated the deep temperature and lithospheric thickness in the study area. The results show that the Xianxian geothermal field has a heat flow of 70.58 mW/m2, a burial depth of the Curie surface of about 24 km, a Moho temperature of about 749 ℃, and a lithospheric thickness of about 85-96 km.
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图 1 沧州地区构造简图
1.Ⅲ级构造单元界线；2.Ⅳ级构造单元界线；3.献县
Fig. 1. Sketch showing structures in the Cangzhou area
图 2 献县基岩地热储层分布及地热井位置
1.基岩顶界深度等值线（m）；2.钻孔；3.四级断裂；4.三级断裂；5.1 500 m埋深地温等值线（℃）；6.寒武系‒奥陶系基岩热储层；7.上元古界蓟县系基岩热储层
Fig. 2. Map showing the distribution of bedrock geothermal reservoirs and the locations of geothermal wells in the Xianxian geothermal field
图 5 ZK01、ZK02和GRY1钻孔测温曲线
Fig. 5. Curves of measured temperature of boreholes ZK01, ZK02 and GRY1
图 8 沧县隆起中部岩石圈热结构概念模型
Fig. 8. Conceptual model of lithospheric thermal structure in central Cangxian uplift
表 1 GRY1孔岩心热导率及放射性生热率测试结果
Table 1. Testing results of thermal conductivity and radioactive heat production rate of cores of Borehole GRY1
深度(m) 热导率(W/m/K) U(10‒6) Th(10‒6) K2O(%) 深度(m) 热导率(W/m/K) U(10‒6) Th(10‒6) K2O(%) 1 401.60 8.573 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 632.45 4.173 ‒ ‒ ‒ 1 401.90 7.319 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 633.03 5.840 ‒ ‒ ‒ 1 402.18 8.431 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 634.07 4.761 ‒ ‒ ‒ 1 402.38 7.945 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 631.02 5.214 4.42 18.9 9.11 1 395.05 8.471 0.32 0.06 0.02 2 632.30 4.318 ‒ ‒ ‒ 1 395.65 8.324 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 999.05 3.107 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 048.64 4.484 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 001.18 2.861 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 048.76 4.247 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 002.15 2.945 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 054.10 4.827 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 005.20 3.042 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 055.53 4.652 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 006.20 3.115 0.37 0.44 0.11 2 047.40 5.102 2.74 3.58 0.31 3 008.20 2.969 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 047.45 5.223 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 009.95 2.951 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 054.51 7.459 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 011.15 2.809 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 058.12 6.369 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 012.22 3.098 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 059.10 8.122 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 013.15 2.983 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 059.70 6.982 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 014.00 3.102 4.75 4.91 1.01 2 054.95 7.356 0.19 0.15 0.01 3 015.00 2.796 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 058.55 7.271 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 016.40 3.342 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 239.65 5.906 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 017.61 3.032 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 240.20 4.972 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 019.46 3.521 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 241.17 5.045 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 020.12 3.368 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 241.32 6.231 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 020.77 3.427 0.79 4.48 0.82 2 239.15 5.753 1.45 0.25 0.07 3 021.50 3.267 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 239.30 5.365 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 010.18 3.219 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 243.07 5.116 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 022.18 2.725 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 243.84 4.933 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 022.53 3.713 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 247.45 5.343 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 023.82 2.407 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 249.05 5.218 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 025.03 3.612 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 243.27 4.981 0.74 1.45 0.72 3 024.97 2.561 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 247.15 5.021 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 026.73 2.871 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 251.05 4.566 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 028.15 3.015 0.55 2.63 0.73 2 251.85 4.055 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 030.55 2.317 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 252.02 4.981 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 206.43 3.408 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 252.76 4.681 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 206.85 3.417 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 250.80 4.259 1.75 4.51 0.99 3 207.51 2.762 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 251.75 5.012 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 208.31 4.231 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 254.30 3.629 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 209.01 3.641 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 255.55 4.125 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 212.31 4.012 1.7 8.62 4.66 2 256.18 2.706 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 213.82 4.112 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 257.63 3.782 ‒ ‒ ‒ 3 755.13 4.015 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 255.70 4.034 1.19 4.46 1.45 4 013.10 3.782 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 258.53 2.973 ‒ ‒ ‒ 4 019.57 3.401 ‒ ‒ ‒ 2 631.93 5.119 ‒ ‒ ‒ 注：“‒”表示未进行U、Th、K含量测试. 
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表 2 ZK01孔岩心热导率及放射性生热率测试结果
Table 2. Testing results of thermal conductivity and radioactive heat production rate of cores of Borehole ZK01
深度
(m)热导率
(W/m/K)U
(10‒6)Th
(10‒6)K2O
(%)1 340.50 4.63 0.43 0.10 0.03 1 508.00 4.12 0.55 0.15 0.05 2 017.62 2.33 1.14 0.31 0.07
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表 3 沧县隆起中部岩石圈热结构计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of lithospheric thermal structure in central Cangxian uplift
结构层 底界埋深
(km)Vp
(km/s)计算段
(km)Ai
(μW/m3)Di
(km)qi
(mW/m2)热流值(mW/m2) 上地壳 新生界 第四系 0.50 ‒ 0~0.5 1.41 0.50 0.71 70.58 第三系 1.30 ‒ 0.5~1.3 0.53 0.80 0.42 69.88 中元古界 蓟县系 3.70 ‒ 1.3~3.7 0.81 2.40 1.94 69.45 长城系 5.40 6.02 3.7~5.4 1.01 1.70 1.71 67.51 太古宇‒古元古界变质岩系结晶基底 6.00 6.06 5.4~6.0 0.90 0.60 0.54 65.80 7.00 6.10 6~7 0.81 1.00 0.81 65.26 8.00 6.10 7~8 0.81 1.00 0.81 64.45 9.00 6.16 8~9 0.68 1.00 0.68 63.64 10.00 6.16 9~10 0.68 1.00 0.68 62.96 12.00 6.16 10~12 0.68 2.00 1.37 62.27 14.90 6.20 12.0~14.9 0.61 2.90 1.78 60.90 中地壳 16.00 6.26 14.9~16.0 0.52 1.10 0.57 59.12 18.00 6.26 16~18 0.52 2.00 1.04 58.55 20.00 6.45 18~20 0.31 2.00 0.62 57.51 22.00 6.44 20~22 0.32 2.00 0.64 56.89 24.00 6.44 22~24 0.32 2.00 0.64 56.25 26.00 6.50 24~26 0.27 2.00 0.54 55.62 下地壳 28.00 6.54 26~28 0.24 2.00 0.48 55.08 30.00 6.70 28~30 0.16 2.00 0.31 54.59 32.00 7.29 30~32 0.03 2.00 0.06 54.28 32.30 7.32 32.0~32.3 0.03 0.30 0.01 54.22
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表 4 沧县隆起中部地温分布计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of temperature distribution in central Cangxian uplift
结构层 底界埋深
(km)计算段
(km)各层厚度
(km)校正后热导率
(W/m/K)平均生热率
(μW/m3)表面热流
(mW/m2)各层面底部地温
(℃)地温梯度
(℃/km)上地壳 新生界 第四系 0.50 0~0.5 0.50 ‒ 1.41 69.88 64.76 99.52 新近系 1.30 0.5~1.3 0.80 2.04 0.53 69.45 87.45 28.36 中元古界 蓟县系 3.70 1.3~3.7 2.40 3.99 0.81 67.51 105.43 7.49 长城系 5.40 3.7~5.4 1.70 3.84 1.01 65.80 134.94 17.36 太古宇‒古元古界变质岩系结晶基底 14.90 5.4~14.9 9.50 2.64 0.70 59.12 359.47 23.64 中地壳 26.00 14.9~26.0 11.10 2.30 0.36 55.08 635.15 24.84 下地壳（莫霍面） 32.20 26.0~32.2 6.20 2.97 0.14 54.22 749.15 18.39
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