Identification and Developmental Characteristics of the Jurassic Volcanic Edifice in the Western Depression, Hailar Basin
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摘要: 火山岩型油气藏是当前油气勘探新领域,勘探实践表明海拉尔盆地侏罗纪火山-沉积地层具有良好的油气勘探前景.海拉尔盆地西部坳陷带分布在德尔布干断裂和额尔古纳断裂之间,断裂构造对火山喷发和盆地填充过程有重要的控制作用,然而断裂构造和火山岩相之间的耦合关系尚不明确,制约了该区火山岩型油气藏勘探部署.针对这一问题,利用钻井岩心、测录井和地震资料,运用井-震对比、多属性联合等方法,分析了西部坳陷带各类火山-沉积岩的测井特征和地震反射特征,识别火山机构并进行岩相古地理重建.研究表明,德尔布干和额尔古纳断裂带影响了中-晚侏罗世火山岩的横向展布,火山机构主要分布在凹陷缓坡带,在平面上沿NE向次级断裂呈串珠状、条带状分布,呈多中心复合式爆发样式.凹陷内平行断层组合、反向调节断层组合、断裂转折带、雁列式断层组合4种断裂组合对火山机构类型和发育有明显控制作用.沉积岩主要发育在火山与断裂围限的可容纳空间内,断裂与火山古地貌共同控制了凹陷内沉积砂体的展布.Abstract: Volcanic reservoir of the Upper Jurassic is a new exploration domain in the Hailaer basin. Recent exploration proves that the Upper Jurassic volcano-sedimentary rocks in Hailar basin have good prospects of oil and gas. The Western depression of the Hailar basin lies between the Derbugan and Erguna faults. The fault-related structures play an important role in the volcanic eruption and basin filling process. However, the detailed coupling relationships between fault-related structures and volcanic facies are unclear that affects the further exploration of volcanic reservoirs. This study uses well-seismic correlation, multi-attribute combination to analyze the drilling core, logging data and 2D/3D seismic data and summarizes the typical characteristics of logging and seismic reflection for the contrasting volcanic and sedimentary rocks. This study identifies volcanic edifice and lithofacies distribution in the Upper Jurassic of the western depression and reconstructs the volcanic paleogeography. The analyzed results indicate that the Derbugan and Erguna faults limited the eruption region of the Late Jurassic volcanos. Volcanic edifices predominantly occur in the outer zone of the western depression distributing along the NE-trending secondary faults in styles of beaded- and banded-shapes. The volcanic edifices show multi-center eruption patterns as the typical features of composite volcanos. The recognized parallel-fault assemblage, antithetical-fault assemblage, fault-transition zone and echelon-fault assemblage jointly control the volcanic structures and spatial distribution. Sedimentary rocks are mainly accommodated between volcanic edifices and faults, and the fault-related structures and volcanic paleogeomorphology jointly impact the distribution of sedimentary rocks.
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Key words:
- petroleum reservoirs /
- volcanic edifice /
- seismic identification /
- Jurassic /
- Hailar basin /
- structural geology
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图 1 海拉尔盆地西部坳陷带区域地质概况图
a.海拉尔盆地西部坳陷带区域位置图;断裂据张龙升等(2021)修改;b.海拉尔盆地西部坳陷带地震剖面图
Fig. 1. Overview of regional geology in western depression zone of Hailar basin
图 3 巴彦呼舒凹陷典型火山机构刻画
剖面位置见图1中B-B'
Fig. 3. Characterization of typical volcanic edifices in Bayanhushu depression
图 7 海拉尔盆地西部坳陷带侏罗系次级断裂与火山沉积中心组合样式
图a,b,c,d剖面位置见图5
Fig. 7. The association styles of secondary fault and volcanic apparatus center of the Jurassic strata in western depression zone of Hailar basin
图 8 海拉尔盆地西部坳陷带缓坡带串珠状火山机构
a.地震剖面;b.均方根振幅属性切片;剖面位置见图5中A1-A2
Fig. 8. The beaded volcanic edifices of the gentle slope zone in the in western depression zone of Hailar basin
表 1 岩性对应地震反射特征及测井曲线特征
Table 1. Seismic reflection characteristics and logging curve characteristics corresponding to lithology
岩性 地震反射特征 测井曲线特征 振幅 频率 连续性 GR(API) RD(Ω·m) 流纹岩、英安岩 中-强振幅 中-低频率 连续性差 132~206 10~158 玄武岩和安山岩 强振幅 中-低频率 连续性好 39~120 <45 凝灰岩 中等振幅 中-高频率 连续性较好 60~240 3~240 火山角砾岩 中-强振幅 中-低频率 连续性差 >135 <30 砂砾岩 弱振幅 中-低频率 连续性差 >126 <35 泥岩、砂岩 中等振幅 中-高频率 连续性好 >105 <35 -
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