Palynological Assemblage and Its Significance of the Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in the Zhongkouzi Basin, Beishan Area
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摘要: 孢粉化石在确定地层时代和恢复古气候方面都具有重要指示意义.本文首次对北山地区中口子盆地下白垩统赤金堡组中段的孢粉化石进行了细致的分析，共获得孢粉56属84种，其中蕨类植物孢子含量为29.3%，裸子植物花粉含量为62.6%，被子植物花粉含量为8.1%.依据具有时代意义孢粉分子，将赤金堡组中段的地质时代厘定为早白垩世中期Hauterivian-Aptian.并划分出3个孢粉组合，底部为Ephedripites-Pterisisporites-Retitricolpites组合，中部为Classopollis-Cicatricosisporites-Tricolpites组合，上部为Triporoletes-Laricoidites组合.3个孢粉组合带从老到新分别代表南亚热带半干半湿的针叶林、灌草丛到亚热带半干旱的针叶林、灌木丛再到北亚热带半湿润针叶林植被类型，气候呈现先变干热后变湿热的特征.Abstract: Fossil spores and pollen are important indicators for stratigraphic age determination and paleoclimate recovery. In this paper, we first reported the palynological assemblage in the middle part of the Lower Cretaceous Chijinbao Formation in the Zhongkouzi basin of the Beishan area. A total of 56 genera and 84 species of spores and pollens were obtained from the deposits, including 29.3% of fern spores, 62.6% of gymnosperm pollens, and 8.1% of angiosperm pollens. Based on the significant spore and pollen components in the palynological assemblage, we assigned the middle part of the Chijinbao Formation to the middle Early Cretaceous Hauterivian-Aptian. We divided three sequences based on palynological assemblage characteristics, with Ephedripites-Pterisisporites-Retitricolpites assemblage at the bottom, Classopollis-Cicatricosisporites-Tricolpites assemblage at the middle, and Triporoletes-Laricoidites assemblage at the top. Three Palynological assemblages from old to new respectively represent the vegetation of southern subtropical semi-dry and semi-humid coniferous forests, scrubs to subtropical semi-arid coniferous forests, northern subtropical semi-humid coniferous forests. The climate shows a characteristic of first becoming dry and hot and then becoming hot and humid.
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图 2 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(1)
Fig. 2. Representative pollen and spores (1) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Apiculatasporites delicatus; b. Calamospora breviradiata; c. Verrucosisporites ovimammus; d. Toroisporis longilaeeatratus; e. Laevigatosporites ovatus; f.Verrucosisporites microtuberosus; g. Laevigatosporites robustus; h. Polypodiisporites usmensis; i. Triporoletes tornatilis; j. Archaeoperisaccus indistinctus; k. Cyathidites punctatas; l. Polypodiaceoisporites verrucatus; m. Punctatosporites venustus; n. Cicatricosisporites pseudotripartitus; o. Zlivisporis sp.; p. Pterisisporites verrus
图 3 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(2)
Fig. 3. Representative pollen and spores (2) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Playfordiaspora crenulata; b. Baculatisporites comaumensis; c. Perinopollenites elatoides; d. Deltoidospora hallii; e. Jugella claribaculata; f. Cedripites arcuatus; g. Protoconiferus.sp; h. Protoconiferus funarius; i. Monocolpopollenites microreticulatus; j. Jiaohepollis sp.; k. Contignisporites glebulentus; l. Densoisporites velatus; m. Yichangsporitessp.
图 4 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(3)
Fig. 4. Representative pollen and spores (3) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Abietineaepollieites cembraeformis; b、e、h. Piceaepollenites alatus; c. Psophosphaera minor; d. Piceapollis tobolicus; f. Tsugaepollenites sp.; g. Keteleeriaepollenites davidianaeformis; i. Exesipollenites pseudotriletes; j. Taxodiaceaepollenites bockwitzensis; k. Ephedripites megafusiformis
图 5 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(4)
Fig. 5. Representative pollen and spores (4) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Cedripites pachydermus; b. Pinuspollenites cf.hubeiensis; c. Tsugaepollenites cf.minimus; d. Podocarpidites piciformis; e. Podocarpidites elongatus; f. Abietineaepollenites microalatus cf.major; g. Podocarpidites andiniformis; h. Podocarpidites podocanpoidites; i. Cedripites deodariformis; j. Taxodiaceaepollenites cf.hiatus; k. Bennettiteaepillenites cf.chenxianensis; l. Ephedripites(Distachyapites)major; m. Tsugaepollenites viridifluminpites; n. Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus
图 6 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(5)
Fig. 6. Representative pollen and spores (5) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Parcisporites annylatus; b. Araucariacites austrilis; c. Potonieisporites novicus; d. Parcusoirutes cf.apertus; e. Abietineaepollenites microalatus cf.minor; f. Podocarpidites unicus; g. Podocarpidites andiniformis; h. Cedripites medius; i. Pinuspollenites labdacus cf.minitus; j. Pinuspollenites labdacus cf.maximus; k. Classopollis classoides
图 7 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(6)
Fig. 7. Representative pollen and spores (6) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Laricoidites magnus; b. Ephedripites(Distachyapites)major; c. Tricolpites sp.; d. Ephedripites Psudotrinatus; e. Cycadopites cymbatus; f. Tsugaepollenites verruspinus; g. Ephedripites(Distachyapites)errumenosus; h. Ephedripites fushunensis; i. Ephedripites(Distachyapites)major; j. Taxodiaceaepollenites elongatus; k. Keteleeriaepollenites dubius; l. Taxodiaceaepollenites sp.; m. Latosporites ficoides; n. Labiisporites manos; o. Ephedripites longformis; p. Ephedripites sp.; q. Ephedripites(Distachyapites)major; r. Nanlingpollis projecensis
图 8 北山地区赤金堡组中段代表性孢粉属种(7)
Fig. 8. Representative pollen and spores (7) from the Chijinbao Formation in the Beishan area
a. Magnolipollis maximus; b. Magnolipopllis oblongus; c、d. Magnolipollis grandus; e. Magnolipopllis fusiformis; f. Magnolipopllis magnolioides
图 9 北山地区赤金堡组中段主要孢粉图谱
Fig. 9. Spore-pollen spectra map of the middle section of Chijinbao Formation in Beishan area
表 1 中口子盆地白垩纪孢粉植被类型划分
Table 1. Classification of cretaceous palynological vegetation in Zhongkouzi basin
地层厚度(m) 反映各植被类型的孢粉含量（%） 植被类型 针叶林 落叶阔叶林 常绿阔叶林 灌木 草本 其他 82.5~100.5 25.78 0.00 10.65 2.18 2.81 58.58 针叶林 61.5~82.5 53.00 0.36 10.27 12.70 2.54 21.12 针叶林、灌木丛 31.5~61.5 52.88 0.00 14.51 8.47 9.41 14.84 针叶林、灌草丛 
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表 2 中口子盆地白垩纪孢粉气侯带类型划分
Table 2. Classification of cretaceous palynological vegetation types in Zhongkouzi basin
地层厚度(m) 反映各气侯带类型的孢粉含量（%） 气候带类型 热带植物 热带‒亚热带植物 亚热带植物 热带‒温带植物 温带植物 其他 82.5~100.5 7.60 7.79 19.34 0.00 1.55 63.71 北亚热带 61.5~82.5 8.66 12.61 41.67 0.00 13.41 23.65 亚热带 31.5~61.5 21.91 11.16 35.16 0.08 8.56 23.13 南亚热带
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表 3 中口子盆地白垩纪孢粉干湿度类型划分
Table 3. Classification of pollen dry humidity types in the Cretaceous of Zhongkouzi basin
地层厚度(m) 反映各干湿度类型的孢粉含量（%） 干湿度类型 旱生 中生 湿生 沼生 其他 82.5~100.5 1.55 10.95 4.45 0.00 83.06 半湿润 61.5~82.5 14.13 18.46 9.22 10.09 48.1 半干旱 31.5~61.5 9.06 21.08 9.12 17.27 43.46 半干半湿
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