Differences of Soil Organic Carbon Components in Different Grassland Types of Qilian Mountain
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摘要: 为明确高寒地区土壤有机碳库的组成及稳定程度，选择祁连山地区3种草地类型区（高寒草甸、高寒草原和高寒沼泽草甸）为研究对象，分层对0~50 cm土壤中重组、轻组组分进行分离提取，测定并分析重组有机碳（heavy fraction organic carbon，HFOC）和轻组有机碳（light fraction organic carbon，LFOC）含量.结果表明，不同草地类型对土壤HFOC和LFOC含量及其分配的影响不同，HFOC、LFOC含量在土层间均具有明显的垂直变化，呈上高下低趋势，各区域间差异明显；高寒沼泽草甸LFOC含量最高，高寒草原次之，高寒草甸最低，即不同草地类型区土壤有机碳库稳定程度大小依次为：高寒草甸 > 高寒草原 > 高寒沼泽草甸；土壤pH、含水率、TC、SOC、TN含量与C/N值与土壤HFOC、LFOC含量呈极显著相关（p < 0.01）.综上，祁连山草地生态系统土壤有机碳库组成及稳定程度受草地类型、土壤理化性质及环境变量影响.Abstract: In order to determine the composition and stability of soil organic carbon pool in alpine areas, different grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine swamp meadow) in Qilian Mountain area were selected as the research objects, the heavy and light components in 0-50 cm soil were separated and extracted by layer, and the contents of heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) were determined and analyzed. The results show that the effects of different grassland types on the content and distribution of soil HFOC and LFOC were different, the contents of HFOC and LFOC had obvious vertical changes among soil layers, show the trend of high and low, and there were obvious differences among different regions. The order of LFOC content in different grassland types is alpine swamp meadow > alpine steppe > alpine meadow, The order of soil organic carbon pool stability in different grassland types is alpine meadow > alpine steppe > alpine swamp meadow. Soil pH, moisture content, TC, SOC, TN content and C/N value were significantly correlated with soil HFOC and LFOC content(p < 0.01).In summary, the composition and stability of soil organic carbon pool in Qilian grassland ecosystem were affected by grassland types, soil physical and chemical properties and environmental variables.
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图 1 研究区位置及采样点分布
Z1，Z2，Z3为高寒沼泽草甸；Y1，Y2，Y3为高寒草原；D1，D2，D3为高寒草甸.青藏高原植被分类数据来源（Wang et al., 2016）
Fig. 1. Location and sampling site distribution of the study area
图 2 不同草地类型区0~50 cm深度土壤颗粒组成
Fig. 2. Compositions of soil particles in 0-50 cm soil depth in different grassland types
图 3 不同草地类型区重、轻组有机碳含量垂直分布
a.高寒沼泽草甸；b.高寒草原；c.高寒草甸
Fig. 3. Vertical distribution of heavy and light fraction organic carbon in different grassland types
图 4 不同草地类型区轻组有机碳分配比例变化
Fig. 4. Changes of distribution proportion of light fraction organic carbon in different grassland types
图 5 重组有机碳、轻组有机碳与土壤变量间的相关性
HFOC.重组有机碳；LFOC.轻组有机碳；TC.总碳；SOC.土壤有机碳；TN.总氮；C/N.碳氮比
Fig. 5. Correlations between heavy fraction organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon and soil variables
表 1 采样点信息
Table 1. Information of sampling points
样点 经度 纬度 海拔(m) 草地类型 主要植物种类 地上生物量(g/cm3) 地下生物量(g/cm3) Z1 98°44′ 38°46′ 4 072 高寒沼泽草甸 高山嵩草、黑褐穗薹草 141.60 6 602.55 Z2 98°45′ 38°47′ 4 002 高寒沼泽草甸 高山嵩草、华扁穗草 182.24 6 207.64 Z3 98°48′ 38°49′ 3 900 高寒沼泽草甸 高山嵩草、黑褐穗薹草 148.00 6 034.39 Y1 99°0′ 38°50′ 3 670 高寒草原 高山嵩草、矮生嵩草 183.84 3 337.58 Y2 99°4′ 38°46′ 3 586 高寒草原 矮生嵩草、紫花针茅 204.64 3 601.27 Y3 99°12′ 38°42′ 3 485 高寒草原 矮生嵩草、黄花棘豆 188.16 4 585.99 D1 99°31′ 38°28′ 3 267 高寒草甸 矮生嵩草、紫花针茅 416.64 2 484.08 D2 99°37′ 38°24′ 3 187 高寒草甸 矮生嵩草、青藏薹草 400.96 1 327.39 D3 99°46′ 38°18′ 3 062 高寒草甸 矮生嵩草、垂穗披碱草 690.08 2 961.78 
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表 2 不同草地类型区土壤变量与理化性质特征
Table 2. Characteristics of soil variables and physicochemical properties in different grassland types
植被类型 土壤深度
(cm)pH 电导率
(s·m-1)含水率
(%)总碳TC
(g·kg-1)有机碳SOC
(g·kg-1)总氮TN
(g·kg-1)碳氮比
C/N高寒沼泽草甸 0~10 7.21±0.17 Ba 15.78±3.03 Aa 82.47±2.07 Aa 111.85±1.68 Aa 105.12±3.06 Aa 8.97±0.26 Aa 11.81±0.14 Aa 10~20 7.50±0.16 Ba 11.33±1.87 Aa 56.73±7.05 Ab 68.68±6.63 Aa 59.44±3.10 Aa 4.72±0.40 Aa 12.39±1.05 Aa 20~30 7.47±0.30 Ba 11.17±3.10Aa 33.26±3.60 Ac 47.74±11.25 Ab 37.23±12.16 Ab 3.61±1.12 Ab 10.17±0.29 Aa 30~40 7.62±0.32 Ba 10.90±0.17 Ba 27.88±1.68 Ac 38.40±11.46 Bb 28.46±13.29 Bb 2.64±1.29 Bb 11.45±1.52 Aa 40~50 7.72±0.33 Ba 9.60±0.48 Ba 23.86±1.44 Ac 41.52±14.66 Ab 30.78±16.70 Ab 2.92±1.49 Ab 9.96±0.40 Aa 高寒草原 0~10 8.03±0.09 Ac 18.50±2.00 Aa 29.08±4.39 Ba 58.35±11.29 Ba 53.03±11.49 Ba 4.63±0.81 Ba 11.23±0.49 Aa 10~20 8.40±0.05 Ab 12.71±0.82 Ab 33.05±6.01 Aa 28.25±2.55 Bb 22.58±2.63 Bb 2.30±0.20 Bb 9.74±0.30 Aa 20~30 8.60±0.04 Aa 12.28±0.57 Ab 22.01±2.81 Aa 21.18±2.30 Ab 14.67±0.57 Ab 1.58±0.08 Ab 9.29±0.11 Aa 30~40 8.72±0.03 Aa 11.73±0.27 Ab 20.33±0.77 Ba 20.35±3.24 Ab 11.60±0.86 Ab 1.31±0.09 Ab 8.86±0.06 Ab 40~50 8.78±0.04 Aa 11.31±0.08 Ab 16.19±1.07 Bb 19.17±3.86 Ab 8.44±0.60 Ab 0.88±0.09 Ab 9.78±0.93 Aa 高寒草甸 0~10 7.84±0.17 Ac 18.63±2.27 Aa 36.12±2.80 Ba 59.41±8.11 Ba 53.75±9.21 Ba 5.29±0.63 Ba 9.94±0.66 Aa 10~20 8.17±0.13 Ab 19.07±2.16 Aa 27.04±0.74 Bb 47.93±5.63 Aa 40.37±3.87 Aa 4.19±0.31 Aa 9.64±0.71 Aa 20~30 8.40±0.12 Aa 19.29±2.86 Aa 22.29±1.98 Ab 43.03±4.47 Aa 28.70±3.76 Ab 3.11±0.31 Ab 9.16±0.54 Aa 30~40 8.65±0.11 Aa 19.03±1.99 Aa 20.21±1.55 Ab 38.78±3.58 Aa 20.13±2.13 Ab 2.14±0.18 Ac 9.34±0.21 Aa 40~50 8.73±0.05 Aa 23.01±4.87 Aa 18.80±1.14 Ac 37.95±4.27 Aa 18.08±3.23 Ac 1.86±0.31 Ac 9.66±0.09 Aa 注：同一列A、B表示不同草地类型区域同一土壤深度的平均值差异显著(p < 0.05).同列中a、b表示同一草地类型不同土壤深度的平均值差异显著(p < 0.05).
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