实验矿床学的发展现状和前景展望

熊小林; 侯通; 王小林

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.285

实验矿床学的发展现状和前景展望

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.285

1.
中国科学院广州地球化学研究所同位素地球化学国家重点实验室, 广东广州 510640
2.
中国地质大学地质过程与矿床资源国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
3.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210023

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41725008

国家自然科学基金项目 92062222

国家自然科学基金项目 41921003

详细信息

作者简介:
熊小林（1963-），男，研究员，主要从事实验地球化学、元素地球化学行为与成矿实验研究.ORCID：0000-0003-2054-3339. E-mail：xiongxl@gig.ac.cn

中图分类号: P617.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-09-25

Advances and Perspectives of Experimental Metallogeny

1.
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, 100083 Beijing, China
3.
State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

摘要

摘要: 实验矿床学是通过高温高压实验手段对成矿元素在矿物−熔体−流体体系的地球化学行为开展研究. 在揭示成矿的“源−运−聚−储”复杂过程中，它是反演和追踪成矿元素“运−聚”机制的重要手段，因而在精细刻画成矿过程，揭示关键控矿因素方面具有不可替代的优势. 实验矿床学是随着实验技术的发展而发展的，为矿床学的发展提供了重要的基础数据，弥补了通过天然样品研究复杂成矿过程的不足，极大地推动了成矿理论的发展. 回顾了实验矿床学的发展历史、研究现状，讨论了相关的科学问题，提出未来应当重点关注两个方面：（1）加强实验平台建设，发展可视化在线观测实验技术；（2）聚焦以国家目标（如关键金属成矿）为导向的科学前沿研究.
- 成矿实验 /
- 高温高压 /
- 研究现状 /
- 发展前景 /
- 矿床学
Abstract: Experimental metallogeny, using high temperature and high pressure experimental apparatus, investigates the geochemical behavior of ore‐forming elements in mineral‐melt‐fluid systems. In the investigation on the metallogenic "source‐transport‐enrichment‐storage" process, high‐P‐T experiments play a key role in tracking the "transport‐enrichment" mechnism of ore‐forming elements, and thus experimental metallogeny has irreplaceable advantages in revealing ore‐forming process and key ore‐forming controlling factors. Experimental metallogeny has been developed with the development of high‐P‐T experimental techniques. Experimental metallogeny provides important basic data for the development of metallogeny, making up for the limits of natural samples in studying complex metallogenic process, and thus greatly promotes the development of metallogenic theory. This paper reviews the development history and research status of experimental metallogeny, and points out that the development of experimental metallogeny should focus on two aspects in the future: (1) strengthening the construction of experimental platform, especially the visualization‐online techniques, and (2) focusing on frontier studies oriented by national goals (e.g., critical metal mineralization).
- experimental metallogeny /
- high temperature and high pressure /
- research history /
- research prospectives /
- ore deposit

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图 1 层状铬铁矿矿床成因模式

a, b. 热熔蚀模型(Latypov et al., 2017)；c, d. 根据相平衡实验，Veksler and Hou (2020)提出的加水熔融模型

Fig. 1. Schematic illustrations of chromitite formation from a basal layer of chromite‐saturated melt

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 热液体系中液-液相分离相变在线观察(a)和成分、结构在线分析(b)

修改自Wang et al.（2021a）；Aq为均一溶液相；L1为富集硫酸盐的高密度液相；L2为贫硫酸盐的低密度液相；*为C₂H₅OH的特征谱峰

Fig. 2. In situ observation of the liquid‐liquid phase separation (a) and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the fluid composition and structure (b) in hydrothermal systems

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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