Heat Accumulation Mechanism and Resources Potential of the Karst Geothermal Reservoir in Liangcun Buried Uplift of Linqing Depression
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摘要: 地热是一种绿色低碳的清洁能源，其规模化开发利用对减少碳排放量与改善大气环境意义重大，为促进中低温水热型地热流体发电技术在实现“双碳”目标中的应用，本文在揭示梁村古潜山潜凸起岩溶热储聚热机制、评价资源潜力的基础上，对10 MW地热电站示范工程的资源保证能力进行了论证.通过地温梯度、大地热流值与构造格架、岩石热导率相关性对比分析，岩溶发育特征、热储富水性与构造、岩性、水动力条件组合关系研究，揭示了梁村古潜山潜凸起岩溶热储的四元聚热机制：一元为华北克拉通破坏、岩石圈减薄导致的高大地热流传导聚热，二元为凸起区高热导率分流聚热，三元为深大断裂带对流聚热，四元为成岩压密水对流聚热；计算出梁村古潜山潜凸起寒武系-奥陶系裂隙岩溶热储中蕴藏的可利用热资源量为2.218 3×1019 J、地热水资源量为6.34×109 m3.在四元聚热驱动下，形成了梁村古潜山潜凸起高地温梯度岩溶热储地热田，其热能量与地热流体资源量满足10 MW地热电站建设需求.Abstract: Geothermal energy is a green and low-carbon clean energy, and its large-scale development and utilization to replace fossil energy is of great significance to reduce carbon emissions and improve the atmospheric environment. In order to promote the geothermal electricity production by low-median temperature geothermal resources, and to fulfill the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, this paper evaluated the resource sufficiency for a 10 MW geothermal power plant demonstration project based on the heat accumulation mechanism and geothermal resources potential of the karst reservoir in Liangcun buried uplift. Based on the correlation analysis between geothermal gradient, heat flow value and concave-convex structural lattice, thermal conductivity of rocks, together with the combination relationship study between karst development characteristics, thermal water abundance and structure, lithology, hydrodynamic conditions, the four-sources heat accumulation mechanism of the karst reservoir in Liangcun buried uplift is revealed as: the first source is high terrestrial heat flux caused by the destruction of north China Craton and lithosphere thinning, the second source is the thermal accumulation of the high thermal conductivity diffluence in the uplift area, the third source is the belt shaped convective thermal accumulation in the deep fault zone, and the fourth source is convective heat flow accumulation of diagenetic compaction water. Furthermore, the available heat resources and geothermal water resources in the Cambrian-Ordovician karst reservoir in Liangcun buried uplift are estimated to be 2.218 3×1019 J and 6.34×109 m3, respectively. Driven by four-sources heat accumulation, the Liangcun buried uplift karst geothermal field with high thermal gradient was formed, and its thermal energy and geothermal water resources met the demand of 10 MW geothermal power station.
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图 5 临清坳陷梁村古潜山潜凸起岩溶热储聚热机制模式
Fig. 5. Conceptual model of Liangcun uplift karst geothermal reservoir
表 1 我国曾建中低温水热型地热电站
Table 1. Past geothermal power plant of mid-low temperature water type geothermal resource
地点 温度（℃) 装机容量（kW） 广东丰顺县邓屋 92 300 湖南宁乡县灰汤 98 300 河北怀来县后郝窑 87 200 山东招远县汤东泉 98 300 辽宁盖县熊岳 90 200 广西象州市热水村 79 200 江西宜春县温汤 67 100 
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表 2 梁古1孔寒武纪‒奥陶纪地层特征
Table 2. Lithological properties of Cambrian-Ordovician strata unveiled in Lianggu1 borehole
地层划分 埋深(m) 层厚(m) 岩性 层顶 层底 八陡组 3 340 3 345 5 薄层泥晶灰岩与白云岩互层 3 345 3 350 5 中厚层泥晶灰岩 3 350 3 355 5 中厚层白云岩 3 355 3 378 23 中厚层泥晶灰岩夹薄层泥灰岩 3 378 3 401 23 中厚层泥晶灰岩 3 401 3 420 19 薄层泥晶灰岩与泥灰岩互层 3 420 3 475 55 中厚层泥晶灰岩 阁庄组 3 475 3 550 75 中厚层白云岩夹泥晶灰岩 3 550 3 572 22 中厚层泥晶灰岩 3 572 3 584 12 薄层泥质白云岩、泥灰岩夹白云岩 五阳山 3 584 3 642 58 中厚层泥晶灰岩 3 642 3 687 45 中厚层泥晶灰岩与薄层泥灰岩互层 3 687 3 817 130 中厚层泥晶灰岩 3 817 3 829 12 薄层白云岩，夹泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩 3 829 3 875 46 中厚层泥晶灰岩，夹薄层泥灰岩、白云岩 3 875 3 887 12 薄层白云岩 3 887 3 917 30 中厚层泥晶灰岩，夹薄层白云岩 3 917 3 927 10 薄层白云岩，夹泥晶灰岩、泥质白云岩 3 927 3 975 48 中厚层泥晶灰岩，夹薄层白云岩 土峪组 3 975 4 010 35 中厚层白云岩 4 010 4 027 17 中厚层泥灰岩 4 027 4 043 16 中厚层泥晶灰岩 4 043 4 058 15 薄层泥灰岩 北庵庄组 4 058 4 080 22 中厚层泥晶灰岩 4 080 4 091 11 中厚层白云岩 4 091 4 151 60 中厚层泥晶灰岩，夹薄层白云岩 东黄山组 4 151 4 171 20 中厚层泥质白云岩 4 171 4 179 8 中厚层泥晶岩 4 179 4 186 7 中厚层泥灰岩
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表 3 热储可利用热资源量计算值
Table 3. Geothermal resource estimation table
分区 面积(km2) 顶板埋深(m) 温度(℃) 地热水密度(kg/m3) 热资源量(J) 5 ℃温差热资源量(J) 地热水资源量(m3) Ⅰ 96.98 4 000~5 000 150 916.8 1.157 4×1019 8.267 2×1017 2.93×109 Ⅱ 51.97 3 500~4 000 135 930.3 4.878 1×1018 4.434 7×1017 1.57×109 Ⅲ 61.05 3 000~3 500 135 930.3 5.730 4×1018 5.209 5×1017 1.84×109 合计 210 2.218 3×1019 1.791 1×1018 6.34×109
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表 4 不同发电工质下地热水单位流量净发电量
Table 4. Net power generation capacity of geothermal water for different working fluid
地热井口温度（℃） 发电量（kW·h/t） R123a R600a R152a 80 1.29 1.34 1.29 90 1.9 2.12 2.02 100 2.75 2.89 2.75 110 3.59 3.99 3.8 120 4.77 5.09 4.84 130 5.92 6.57 6.28 140 7.4 8.05 7.72 150 8.91 9.99 9.69 160 10.69 11.92 11.65 170 12.54 14.44 14.47 180 14.74 16.95 17.29 注：据马峰等（2021）.
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表 5 不同发电工质、地热井口温度条件下所需地热水资源量
Table 5. The amount of geothermal water resources required under the conditions of different generating working quality and geothermal water temperature
地热井口温度（℃） R123a（m3） R600a（m3） R152a（m3） 130 4.44×108 4.00×108 4.18×108 140 3.55×108 3.26×108 3.40×108 150 2.95×108 2.63×108 2.71×108
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