Geothermal Resources Evaluation Based on 3D Geological Modeling: The Case of Shidian Geothermal Area
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摘要: 传统热储法进行地热资源评价虽简便，但评价结果误差通常较大，本研究以施甸地热田为研究区，基于区内地质和地热地质条件，结合地球物理和钻孔资料，用GMS软件建立了三维地质模型，展示了研究区地热储层和盖层的展布情况.考虑到研究区内地热资源评价参数的差异，按照热储温度将研究区划分为9个子区，结合已建立的三维地质模型计算热储体积，利用改进的热储法来准确、动态评价研究区的地热资源量，计算出研究区地热水中储存的热量为1.38×1017 J，热储岩石中储存的热量为1.49×1019 J，地热资源总量为1.5×1019 J.根据地热水可开采量计算结果，若合理开发利用施甸地热水资源，每年可节约4.36×107 t标准煤.本研究为施甸地热资源的科学、合理评价提供了新的模式.Abstract: Although it is simple to evaluate geothermal resources using the traditional thermal reservoir method, the deviation of the evaluation results is usually large. Taking the Shidian geothermal field as a typical study area, a 3D geological model showing the distribution of geothermal reservoirs and caprocks in the area was built, using GMS software on the basis of geological and geothermal geological conditions in the region, combined with geophysical and drilling data. Considering the differences in the evaluation parameters of geothermal resources, the study area is divided into 9 sub-areas according to the thermal storage temperature, and the thermal reservoir volume is calculated in combination with the established three-dimensional geological model, and the improved thermal storage method is used to accurately and dynamically evaluate the study area. The heat stored in geothermal waters of the study area was calculated to be 1.38×1017 J, the heat stored in thermal storage rocks was 1.49×1019 J, and the total geothermal resources was 1.5×1019 J. According to the calculation results of the extractable amount of geothermal water, as well as the reasonable development and utilization of geothermal water resources in Shidian, 4.36×107 t of standard coal can be saved annually. This study provides a new mode for the scientific and rational evaluation of geothermal resources in Shidian.
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Key words:
- 3D geological modeling /
- geothermal resource evaluation /
- GMS /
- Shidian /
- geothermal water resources
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图 1 施甸县地质图
改自云南地质工程第二勘察院地热队，2014，保山市施甸县地热资源调查及开发利用评价报告
Fig. 1. Geological map of Shidian County
图 2 施甸盆地水热区典型剖面
1.砂、卵砾石层；2.粘土；3.白云质灰岩；4.玄武岩；5.地表水流向；6.地下水补给方向；7.物探推测断层及编号；8.钻孔：由上至下分别为编号、标高及水深埋深（m）；改自云南地质工程第二勘察院地热队，2014，保山市施甸县地热资源调查及开发利用评价报告；剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 2. Typical profile of the hydrothermal zone in the Sidian basin
图 4 高程未修正模型(a)与利用DEM修正后模型(b)对比
Fig. 4. Comparison of the uncorrected model of elevation (a) and the corrected model using DEM (b)
图 5 联合剖面(a)及各地层展布情况(b)
Fig. 5. Joint section (a) and the spreading of each stratum (b)
表 1 研究区分区面积及地热水统计
Table 1. Area of the study area and geothermal water statistics
分区 编号 模型坐标 热储温度(℃) 分区面积(km2) 面积占比(%) Ⅰ SDW065 X: 2735313; Y: 0509075 26 75.78 10.65 SDW008 X: 2741801; Y: 0509746 27 Ⅱ SDW009 X: 2744113; Y: 0515445 37 30.27 4.25 Ⅲ SDW013 X: 2719795; Y: 0504821 49 270.97 38.07 SDW012 X: 2732412; Y: 0518146 50 Ⅳ SDW014 X: 2700122; Y: 0502594 59 80.60 11.32 Ⅴ SDZK003 X: 2735400; Y: 0518725 71 24.46 3.44 Ⅵ SDW007 X: 2735329; Y: 0507385 78 122.91 17.27 Ⅶ SDW015 X: 2698723; Y: 0508034 103 78.77 11.07 Ⅷ SDW011 X: 2732856; Y: 0517539 109 11.38 1.60 Ⅸ SDW006 X: 2735782; Y: 0506389 118 16.61 2.33 
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表 2 研究区各分区热储体积
Table 2. Volume of thermal storage in each partition of the study area
分区 热储体积(109km3) 体积占比(%) Ⅰ 13.16 9.54 Ⅱ 7.08 5.13 Ⅲ 56.94 41.26 Ⅳ 12.60 9.13 Ⅴ 5.68 4.12 Ⅵ 22.27 16.14 Ⅶ 15.33 11.11 Ⅷ 2.94 2.13 Ⅸ 1.99 1.44
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表 3 地热储量热储法计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of the thermal storage method for geothermal reserves
分区 tr(均值) t0 QL
(107m3)QW (1015J) Qr (1017J) Q (1017J) Ⅰ 26.5 17.8 6.52 2.37 2.84 2.86 Ⅱ 37 2.88 2.31 3.37 3.39 Ⅲ 49.5 24.80 32.86 44.77 45.09 Ⅳ 59 6.73 11.58 12.87 12.99 Ⅴ 71 2.32 5.16 7.50 7.55 Ⅵ 78 10.72 26.96 33.25 33.52 Ⅶ 103 7.03 25.02 32.40 32.65 Ⅷ 109 1.12 4.28 6.65 6.69 Ⅸ 118 1.29 5.42 4.94 4.99 总计 63.40 138.12 148.59 149.75
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表 4 研究区地热规模
Table 4. Size of geothermal area in study area
分区 编号 热储温度 可开采量(L/s) 热功率(kW) 研究区 开采100 a热能(109MJ) 占热储热量(%) 规模 Ⅰ SDW065 26 63.91 2194.14 69.24 25.55 小型 SDW008 27 3.24 124.80 3.94 Ⅱ SDW009 37 0.81 65.11 2.05 0.61 小型 Ⅲ SDW013 49 0.87 113.65 3.59 0.98 小型 SDW012 50 9.54 1286.13 40.59 Ⅳ SDW014 59 4.60 793.48 25.04 1.93 小型 Ⅴ SDZK003 71 33.57 7477.31 235.96 31.24 小型 Ⅵ SDW007 78 12.02 3029.59 95.60 2.85 小型 Ⅶ SDW015 103 9.20 3281.78 103.56 3.17 小型 Ⅷ SDW011 109 13.82 5276.98 166.52 24.89 小型 Ⅸ SDW006 118 1.52 637.25 20.11 4.03 小型 合计 153.10 2.43×104 766.20
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表 5 研究区1 a可利用的地热能及对应节煤量
Table 5. Geothermal energy available in the study area for 1 a and the corresponding coal savings
分区 编号 热功率(kW) 开采一年可利用的热能(MJ) 相当于标准煤(t) Ⅰ SDW065 2 194.14 1.15×108 3.94×106 SDW008 124.80 6.56×106 2.24×105 Ⅱ SDW009 65.11 3.42×106 1.17×105 Ⅲ SDW013 113.65 5.98×106 2.04×105 SDW012 1 286.13 6.76×107 2.31×106 Ⅳ SDW014 793.48 4.17×107 1.42×106 Ⅴ SDZK003 7 477.31 3.93×108 1.34×107 Ⅵ SDW007 3 029.59 1.59×108 5.44×106 Ⅶ SDW015 3 281.78 1.73×108 5.89×106 Ⅷ SDW011 5 276.98 2.78×108 9.47×106 Ⅸ SDW006 637.25 3.35×107 1.14×106 合计 2.43×104 1.28×109 4.36×107
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