Heat Flow Distribution in the Continental Area of China Based on the Relationship between Geologic Age and Heat Flow
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摘要: 大地热流是表征地球内部热状态传输到表层的重要参数，大地热流分布是地热研究中的基础工作. 我国陆区大地热流数据质量差异大且空间分布不均匀，对大地热流的科学预测是开展大地热流及相关研究的重要基础. 在地质年代与热流关系的基础上，采用地理信息系统（GIS）技术，利用中国陆区数字地质图定义不同地质区域的热流值，对热流离散性较大的地质年代结合构造分区统计赋值，使热流预测更符合我国构造-热背景. 热流预测采用1°×1°等经度网格将热流的影响范围约束在网格单元中. 我国陆区的大地热流预测平均值为63.54 mW/m2，中值为62.32 mW/m2，热流分布离散性较小.预测结果接近我国构造-热背景，为热流数据空白区的热流值预测提供科学依据.Abstract: Terrestrial heat flow is an important parameter to characterize the heat transfer from the earth's interior to the surface. The distribution of terrestrial heat flow is the basic work in geothermal research. The data quality of terrestrial heat flow varies greatly and the spatial distribution of heat flow data in China is uneven. The scientific prediction of continental heat flow is an essential basis for the development of continental heat flow and related research. Based on the relationship between geologic age and heat flow, this paper uses geographic information system (GIS) technology to define heat flow values in different geological regions by using digital geological map of the Chinacontinentalarea, and assigns statistical values to geologic age with large heat flow dispersion combined with tectonic subdivision, so that heat flow prediction is more in line with Chinese tectonic-thermal background. Heat flow prediction is based on 1×1 degree equal longitude grid to restrict the influence range of heat flow in grid cell. The predicted mean value of terrestrial heat flow in China continental area is 63.54 mW/m2, and the median value is 62.32 mW/m2, with small discreteness of heat flow distribution. The prediction results in this paper are close to the tectonic-thermal background in China, which provides a scientific basis for the prediction of heat flow in the blank area of heat flow data.
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Key words:
- terrestrial heat flow /
- geologic age /
- tectonic subdivision /
- heat flow prediction /
- GIS
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图 1 中国陆区大地热流测点地理分布图
构造分区据潘桂棠等（2009）修改；Ⅰ. 兴蒙造山系；Ⅱ. 西北陆块区；Ⅲ. 华北陆块区；Ⅳ. 秦祁昆造山系；Ⅴ. 台湾造山系；Ⅵ. 武夷-云开造山系；Ⅸ. 扬子陆块区；Ⅶ. 西藏-三江造山系
Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of heat flow sites in the continental area of China
图 3 基于地质年代与热流关系预测中国陆区大地热流的工作流程图
Fig. 3. Workflow for predicting heat flow in the continental area of China based on the relationship between geologic age and heat flow
图 4 联合原理（a）和地质多边形形成（b）示意图
Fig. 4. Union principle (a) and geological polygons formation (b) diagrammatic drawing
图 5 构造分区-地质年代-热流空间连接过程图
Fig. 5. Tectonic subdivision-geologic age-heat flow Spatial Join process
图 6 构造分区-地质年代-热流汇总统计
Fig. 6. Tectonic subdivision-geologic age-heat flow summary and statistics
图 8 经构造分区划分的部分地质年代热流分布统计图
地质年代：水域、新近纪、古近纪和白垩纪-古近纪：1. 排除西藏-三江造山系和台湾造山系；2. 西藏-三江造山系；3. 台湾造山系；第四纪：1. 西北陆块区；2. 秦祁昆造山系；3. 兴蒙造山系；4. 华北陆块区；5. 扬子陆块区；6. 武夷-云开造山系；7. 台湾造山系；8. 西藏-三江造山系
Fig. 8. Statistical map of heat flow distribution inpartial geological ages by tectonic subdivisions
图 9 实测热流与预测热流分布统计图
Fig. 9. Statistical map of distribution of measured heat flow and predicted heat flow
图 12 1°×1°中国陆区热流预测分布图
a. 按面积权重赋予热流平均值后进行网格统计的热流预测分布图；b. 按面积权重赋予热流中值后进行网格统计的热流预测分布图
Fig. 12. 1 × 1 degree forecast distribution map of heat flow in the continental area of China
图 13 1°×1°中国陆区热流预测与空间插值结果差值图
a. 采用面积权重平均值计算得到1°×1°中国陆区热流预测图与空间插值热流图的差值；b.采用面积权重中值计算得到1°×1°中国陆区热流预测图与空间插值热流图的差值； > 0. 热流预测值大于空间插值热流值； < 0. 空间插值热流值大于热流预测值；-10~10. 空间插值热流值和热流预测值差异较小
Fig. 13. 1 × 1 degree difference map of heat flow prediction and spatial interpolation results in the continental area
表 1 中国陆区四版热流数据汇编及统计结果
Table 1. Statistics of heat flow compilations in the continental area of China
NO. 汇编人与汇编时间 数量* 热流/mW/m2 范围 平均值±标准偏差 平均值（去D类） 质量加权平均** 1 汪集旸和黄少鹏（1988） 167/- 25.5~242 67.4±24.6 - - 2 汪集旸和黄少鹏(1990) 366/353 25.1~319 69.2±31.3 65±17.2 65.3(25.1~140) 3 胡圣标等(2001) 862/816 23.4~319 63.4±25.3 61.4±16.0 61.4(25.1~140) 4 姜光政等(2016) 1 230/1 188 23.4~319 61.5±22.3 60.2±15.4 60.2(25.1~140) 注：*. 代表剔除了D类数据后的热流数据量；**.括号内为剔除D类数据后的热流值范围；质量加权平均中剔除D类数据，减少异常值对热流分布的影响，将A，B，C，D类数据的权重设置为3，2，1，0 
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表 2 中国陆区地质年代-热流关系统计表
Table 2. Statistics of geologic age-heat flow relationship in the continental area of China
No. 地质年代 数据量 热流（mW/m2） 面积（km2） 平均值 标准偏差 中值 1 第四纪（总） 932 62.6 18.4 60.0 2 797 905.0 2 新近纪（总） 89 76.4 26.0 66.0 305 333.8 3 古近纪（总） 29 141.9 37.0 75.0 126 632.4 4 古近纪-新近纪 12 64.7 21.3 60.5 61 081.7 5 新生代（未划分） 5 75.5 14.3 70.9 75 434.6 6 白垩纪-古近纪（总） 17 81.9 30.3 78.0 118 909.2 7 中生代-新生代 0 - - - 6 719.5 8 白垩纪 56 62.7 13.4 62.0 458 693.9 9 侏罗纪-白垩纪 54 71.2 20.5 72.2 293 607.8 10 侏罗纪 114 64.2 19.5 61.8 812 237.5 11 三叠纪-侏罗纪 29 63.3 12.1 63.5 148 208.2 12 三叠纪 41 63.2 12.7 66.2 841 649.0 13 中生代（未划分） 5 112.0 30.2 123.1 52 142.6 14 二叠纪-三叠纪 3 40.4 0.5 40.0 29 049.1 15 古生代-中生代 2 85.5 2.5 85.5 22 756.1 16 二叠纪 38 71.2 9.2 68.9 327 436.1 17 石炭纪-二叠纪 16 51.7 13.5 48.6 226 313.6 18 晚古生代 24 58.1 9.6 59.1 531 752.1 19 石炭纪 22 55.8 14.2 53.7 472 286.4 20 泥盆纪-石炭纪 9 56.2 13.1 56.0 69 967.6 21 泥盆纪 25 69.6 22.6 67.0 283 751.0 22 志留纪-泥盆纪 0 - - - 48 212.2 23 志留纪 2 69.3 4.2 69.3 101 601.2 24 奥陶纪-志留纪 1 40.0 0 40.0 79 552.6 25 奥陶纪 9 54.4 10.4 47.0 109 301.4 26 寒武纪-奥陶纪 16 45.9 7.8 43.3 80 730.5 27 早古生代 18 59.0 13.1 54.7 172 419.5 28 寒武纪 21 63.9 17.0 65.9 170 149.7 29 古生代（未划分） 1 55.0 0 55.0 18 699.7 30 前寒武纪-古生代 1 67.2 0 67.2 52 601.2 31 元古代 123 61.5 17.5 59.8 543 565.5 32 太古代 23 58.4 18.4 49.3 110 531.1 33 前寒武纪（未划分） 1 61.0 0 61.0 84 577.7 34 未知地质类 1 40.0 0 40.0 242 471.7 35 未定义年龄 0 - - - 16 416.8 36 水域（总） 64 97.0 29.9 91.4 70 857.0 37 第四纪-Ⅰ 77 65.1 13.4 63.2 424 535.5 38 第四纪-Ⅱ 169 45.0 6.3 42.7 874 979.9 39 第四纪-Ⅲ 422 65.6 16.4 64.0 727 415.6 40 第四纪-Ⅳ 118 57.1 15.1 56.0 292 239.1 41 第四纪-Ⅴ 23 77.6 25.7 80.0 9 970.5 42 第四纪-Ⅵ 11 65.8 8.8 65.8 28 884.5 43 第四纪-Ⅸ 100 68.0 19.3 67.7 162 958.1 44 第四纪-Ⅶ 12 105.7 32.6 102.0 276 921.5 45 新近纪-Ⅴ 37 88.0 30.4 80.0 16 293.7 46 新近纪* 52 60.4 13.6 57.7 289 040.1 47 古近纪-Ⅴ 15 115.3 36.6 140.0 7 097.2 48 古近纪-Ⅶ 1 47.0 0 47.0 31 920.2 49 古近纪* 13 68.0 12.1 71.4 87 615.0 50 白垩纪-古近纪-Ⅶ 3 140.0 0 140.0 87 554.3 51 白垩纪-古近纪* 14 69.5 15.4 72.9 31 354.9 52 水域-Ⅴ 2 93.5 13.5 93.5 516.4 53 水域-Ⅶ 35 117.6 22.0 126.9 12 132.3 54 水域* 27 70.6 15.3 70.0 58 208.3 55 汇总 64.8 62.0 9 963 554.8 注：-表示无对应热流数据，赋值时采用汇总的平均值/中值；总：未进行构造分区划分的地质年代；未划分：该地质年代未进行详细划分；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅸ、Ⅶ分别对应于图 1中的构造分区；*表示排除台湾造山系、西藏-三江造山系两个构造分区的热流统计值
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