Depositional Setting of Ancient Pearl River Delta during Early-to-Middle Miocene: Implications for Forcing Factors
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摘要: 古珠江三角洲是珠江口盆地油气勘探的重要目标，但对其总体沉积面貌的揭示仍未充分，在一定程度上限制了对区内有利砂体和潜在岩性圈闭的锁定.本次研究综合利用重矿物、岩心、钻井和区域三维地震数据，采用地震沉积学综合分析手段精确复现了早‒中中新世古珠江三角洲的宏观沉积格局和相带展布.重矿物分析结果显示，古珠江分流河道体系向近端侧主要发源于西侧、东侧两个主河道分支，进而确定了古珠江三角洲“双支主控”的宏观基本格局.此外，经过对这两个分支河道体系重矿物组合特征对比，发现其分别与现代西江、东/北江有一定相似性，这可能表明中新世古珠江干流的流路与现今具有较高对比性.同时，针对分流河道和外缘条带砂的精细地震地貌分析显示出中新世古珠江三角洲可能受到河流‒波浪‒潮汐混合动力过程的影响，并且持续的西南向古水流对整体相带展布也具有明显的控制作用.Abstract: The ancient Pearl River delta (PRD) is an important target for oil and gas exploration in the Pearl River Mouth basin, whereas its overall sedimentary characteristics have not been fully revealed, limiting the recognition of multi-type sand bodies and favorable traps in the future. Utilizing heavy mineral data, core, well logs, and large-scale 3D seismic data, we comprehensively analyze the seismic geomorphology of the ancient PRD to accurately reconstruct the distribution of sedimentary facies and the macro-sedimentary patterns of the Middle Miocene ancient PRD. Heavy mineral data analysis results show that the Paleo-Pearl River distributary channel system mainly originated from two main channel branches on the west and the east sides; thus, the basic two-branch pattern is determined in the Paleo-Pearl River delta. And the characteristics of heavy mineral assemblages on both sides are similar to those of the modern Xijiang River and the Dongjiang-Beijiang rivers, respectively, suggesting a similarity between flow pathways in the Miocene and the modern Pearl River. Meanwhile, seismic geomorphology analysis results of the distributary channel and the shore-parallel sand bodies in the distal ancient PRD show that the paleo-delta may be influenced by a hybrid dynamic process of fluvial, wave, and tide. What's more, a continuous southwest paleocurrent may have an obvious control on the overall deflected facies pattern of the ancient PRD.
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图 1 研究区位置和珠江流域范围图
1. 黑潮；2. 黑潮南海分支；3. 广东沿岸流；4. 南海暖流；5. 沿岸流
Fig. 1. Location of the study area and map of the Pearl River basin
图 2 珠江口盆地珠一坳陷构造单元分布、三维工区位置及具有重矿物数据的钻井井位
Fig. 2. Location map showing the tectonic elements, 3D-survey locations and well locations with heavy mineral data in Zhu Ⅰ depression, Pearl River Mouth basin
图 3 珠江口盆地珠一坳陷地层柱状图和层序划分方案
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic column and sequence division scheme in Zhu Ⅰ depression, Pearl River Mouth basin
图 5 珠江口盆地珠一坳陷关键钻井重矿物组合及分布情况
Fig. 5. Heavy mineral combination and distribution of key drilling wells in ZhuⅠdepression, Pearl River Mouth basin
图 6 珠江流域及珠一坳陷珠江组典型样品碎屑锆石年龄谱系对比
Fig. 6. Comparison of detrital zircon age spectra in typical samples from Zhujiang Formatin of Zhu I depression and the Pearl River drainage basin
图 8 中新世古珠江三角洲典型地震地貌单元的岩心和测井响应特征
Fig. 8. Core and well log motifs of typical depositional elements of the Miocene Pearl River delta
图 9 中新世古珠江三角洲典型地震地貌特征显示出河流‒波浪‒潮汐的混合动力过程
Fig. 9. Representative seismic geomorphology of the Miocene Pearl River delta showing a mixed river-wave-tidal-dominated process
图 10 中新世古珠江三角洲代表性沉积相图（以SQT40层序为例）
Fig. 10. Representative sedimentary facies map of the Miocene Pearl River delta (SQT40)
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