Characteristics of Fluid Inclusions and Pressure Recovery during Hydrocarbon Accumulation Period in Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要: 油气成藏时间与地层压力恢复对于油气成藏过程分析具有重要意义.综合利用包裹体观测技术以及盐度‒均一温度法和PVTx模拟法，恢复了阜康凹陷三工河组油气成藏时间与储层压力.研究表明，研究区侏罗系自4 500 m开始发育超压，三工河组超压明显.三工河组发育两期烃类包裹体：第一期发育在石英颗粒内部，多呈黄色、黄绿色荧光，伴生盐水包裹体均一温度主区间为85~95 ℃，对应早白垩世中期成藏；第二期沿切穿石英次生加大或整个石英颗粒的愈合缝发育，多呈蓝白色荧光，气液两相明显增多，伴生盐水包裹体均一温度主区间为105~115 ℃，对应新近纪至今成藏.油气运聚成藏时，三工河组发育超压，第一期压力系数介于1.39~1.44，第二期高达2.11，呈现“增压‒泄压‒强增压”演化模式.强超压代表了油气运移动力较强，是侏罗系致密储层成藏的关键因素.Abstract: Formation pressure recovery is of great significance for the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation process. This study restores the pressure of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation during hydrocarbon accumulation period in Fukang Sag with inclusion observation technology, the inclusion salinity homogenization temperature method and PVTx simulation method. The results show that the overpressure of Jurassic begins from 4 500 m, and the overpressure amplitude increases with the increase in buried depth, in Fukang Sag. At the same depth, the overpressure of the main reservoir of Sangonghe Formation is obvious. There are two stages of hydrocarbon inclusions captured in the Sangonghe Formation. The fluorescence colors of hydrocarbon inclusions captured in the first stage which occur inside the quartz particles are mainly yellow and yellowish green, and the main temperature range of associated aqueous inclusions is 85-95 ℃, corresponding to the hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle of Early Cretaceous. Since Neogene, the fluorescence color of hydrocarbon inclusions captured in the second stage, which occur along the healing seams that cut through secondary enlargement of quartz or the whole the after the secondary, is mainly bluish white, and the number of the gas-liquid two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions significantly increases. The homogenization temperature of associated aqueous inclusions is 105-115 ℃, corresponding to hydrocarbon accumulation since the Neogene. During hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, overpressure developed in the Sangonghe Formation. The pressure coefficient in the first stage is 1.39-1.44 and that in the second stage is as high as 2.11. The pressure presents the evolution mode of "pressurization-decompression-strong pressurization". Strong overpressure represents strong hydrocarbon transportation and movement force. It is the key factor for hydrocarbon accumulation in Jurassic tight reservoirs.
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Key words:
- Junggar Basin /
- fluid inclusion /
- overpressure /
- paleopressure recover /
- pressure evolution /
- petroleum geology /
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图 2 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷洼陷区实测压力特征
Fig. 2. Measured pressure characteristics of Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷储层显微特征
颗粒以石英和岩屑为主，粒间充填被染色剂染成红色的方解石胶结物（a. 200倍透射光，b. 200倍正交光），董2井，5 040.8 m，J1s
Fig. 3. Microscopic characteristics of reservoir in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷储层烃类包裹体产状特征
a、b.烃类包裹体沿石英颗粒内部短愈合缝发育，同一包裹体组合中的烃类包裹体呈现黄绿色和蓝白色两种不同荧光颜色，董8井，5 279.05 m，J1s；c、d.烃类包裹体呈集群或线性分布于石英颗粒内部，荧光下集群分布的烃类包裹体呈蓝白色，线性分布的烃类包裹体呈黄绿色，董6井，5 297 m，J1s；e、f.烃类包裹体呈集群分布于石英颗粒内部，荧光下呈蓝绿色，董701井，5 254.8 m，J1s；g、h. 烃类包裹体沿切穿石英次生加大边的愈合缝分布，荧光下呈蓝白色，董7井，5 291 m，J1s；i、j.烃类包裹体沿切穿石英微裂缝的愈合缝分布，荧光下呈蓝白色，董8井，5 279.05 m，J1s；k、l.烃类包裹体沿切除整个石英颗粒的愈合缝分布，荧光下呈蓝白色、蓝色，董7井，5 291 m，J1s
Fig. 4. Occurrence characteristics of fluid inclusions in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷三工河组不同类型烃类包裹体显微观察照片
a、b.单一液相烃类包裹体，荧光下呈蓝白色，董6井，5 297 m，J1s；c、d.气液两相烃类包裹体，荧光下蓝白色，董7井，5 291 m，J1s；e~h.沥青‒气包裹体，荧光显示较弱，呈弱白色荧光，董8井，5 279.05 m，J1s
Fig. 5. Micrographs of different types of hydrocarbon inclusions in Sangonghe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 6 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷三工河组典型流体包裹体的（a）荧光观察照片、（b）微束荧光光谱分析、（c）荧光光谱λmax频率分布直方图
Fig. 6. (a) Fluorescence observation photos, (b) microbeam fluorescence spectrum analysis, (c) histograms of λmax frequency distribution of hydrocarbon inclusions in Sangonghe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 7 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷头屯河组（a）储层沥青荧光观察照片、（b）储层沥青激光拉曼光谱特征、（c）头屯河组储层抽提物25‒降藿烷特征
Fig. 7. (a) Fluorescence observation photos of bitumen, (b) raman spectral characteristics of bitumen, (c) 25-norhopane characteristics of bitumen in Toutunhe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 8 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷三工河组不同期次烃类包裹体产状示意图(a)及伴生盐水包裹体均一温度直方图(b)
Fig. 8. Occurrence diagram of hydrocarbon inclusions in different stages (a) and homogenization temperature histogram of associated aqueous inclusions (b) in Sangonghe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 9 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷三工河组储层烃类包裹体赋存特征与成岩产物关系（成岩阶段划分据徐文礼等, 2017）
Fig. 9. Fluorescence and phase characteristics of fluid inclusions in Sangonghe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 10 董6井三工河组气液两相烃类包裹体激光共聚焦显微镜等深度扫描二维切片和三维拟合形态
Fig. 10. Continuous scanning 2D section and 3D model of gas-liquid two-phase inclusion in Well Dong 6 of the Sangonghe Formation by laser confocal microscope
图 11 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷PVTx模拟烃类包裹体等容线
Fig. 11. Simulated hydrocarbon inclusion isovolumics using the PVTx method in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 12 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷(a、b)侏罗系油气成藏示意图和(c)三工河组压力演化史
Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of Jurassic hydrocarbon accumulation (a, b), (c) evolution history of pressure in Sangonghe Formation in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 13 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷侏罗系储层含油饱和度与压力系数关系
Fig. 13. Relationship between Jurassic reservoir oil saturation and pressure coefficient in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
图 14 准噶尔盆地不同地区三工河组孔、渗下限与压力系数关系
Fig. 14. Comparison of lower limits of porosity and permeability of Sangonghe Formation in different structural zones in Junggar Basin
表 1 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷埋藏史热史模拟参数
Table 1. Parameters showing the simulation of the burial history in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
层位 顶深
(m)厚度
（m）事件 剥蚀厚度（m） 地层
类型生烃化学动力模型 TOC
(%)HI
(mgHC/gTOC)古热流(mW/m2) N-Q 0 1 430 沉积 23 E 1 430 808 沉积 2 238 0 剥蚀 -100 K2d 2 238 312 沉积 100 29 K1q 2 550 1 409 沉积 盖层 3 959 0 剥蚀 -100 J3 3 959 336 沉积 100 储层 31 J2t 4 295 563 沉积 储层 J2x 4 858 366 沉积 烃源岩 Burnham(1989)_TII 0.51 150.05 J1s 5 224 349 沉积 储层 J1b 5 573 527 沉积 烃源岩 Burnham(1989)_TII 1.06 134.18 T 6 100 1 050 沉积 40 P3 7 150 550 沉积 52 P1-P2 7 700 250 沉积 烃源岩 Burnham(1989)_TII 1.85 325 60 
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表 2 盐度‒均一温度法恢复油气成藏期储层压力数据
Table 2. Paleopressure data restored by the salinity-homogenization temperature method
井号 层位 充注期 均一温度
（℃）冰点温度
（℃）含盐度
（%）古压力
（MPa）古埋深
（m）古压力系数 董6井 J1s 早白垩世中期 94.9 ‒16.8 20.07 40.38 2 912.5 1.39 95.8 ‒18.6 21.4 41.43 2 950 1.40 J1s 新近纪至今 116.1 ‒20.1 22.44 43.58 3 119.23 1.40 124.3 ‒4.2 6.74 52.98 3 307.41 1.60 董7井 J1s 早白垩世中期 87.6 ‒8.3 12.05 38.86 2 788.33 1.39 94.1 ‒13.8 17.61 38.84 2 879.17 1.35 J1s 古近纪中期 103.2 ‒4.7 7.45 40.04 2 991.75 1.34 新近纪至今 104 ‒4.1 6.59 55.61 3 595.83 1.55 107.2 ‒5.2 8.14 61.62 3 633.33 1.70
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表 3 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷董6井三工河组成藏期流体组分模拟数据
Table 3. Simulation data of fluid composition in the Well Dong 6 of the Sangonghe Formation of in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
组分 CO2 N2 C1 C2 C3 iC4 nC4 iC5 nC5 C6 C7 mol% 0.6 2.6 20.9 2.1 2.0 1.5 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.5 g/m3 44.01 28.014 16.043 30.07 44.097 58.124 58.124 72.151 72.151 86.178 96 组分 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 mol% 2.3 3.2 3.1 3.0 4.0 5.5 6.0 7.0 9.5 10.3 11.0 g/m3 107 121 134 147 161 175 190 206 222 237 251
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表 4 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷气液两相烃类包裹体PVTx模拟法恢复古压力数据
Table 4. Pressure data of gas-liquid two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions in Fukang Sag during reservoir formation restored by PVTx simulation method
井名 层位 充注期 均一温度
（℃）捕获温度（℃） 气液比（%） 等容线方程 伴生盐水等
容线方程捕获压力（MPa） 古埋深（m） 压力系数 董6井 J1s 新近纪至今 116.1 132.55 8.91 P=9.2T‒760 P=25.4T‒2 907.2 45.95 3 119.23 1.47 124.3 142.89 P=19.4T‒2 217.2 55.46 3 307.41 1.68 董7井 J1s 早白垩世中期 87.6 102.98 5.88 P=4.75T‒95.1 P=25.6T‒2 241.8 39.41 2 788.33 1.41 94.1 107.43 P=26.9T‒2 474.67 41.52 2 879.17 1.44 新近纪至今 104 124.95 36.52 P=13T‒1 026.6 P=21.4T‒2 076.23 59.77 3 595.83 1.66 107.2 130.24 P=29.0T‒3 106.5 66.65 3 633.33 1.83
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表 5 准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷不同古压力恢复方法结果对比
Table 5. Comparison of paleopressure data restored by different recovery methods in Fukang Sag, Junggar Basin
古压力恢复方法 方法差异(%) PVTx模拟法
(MPa)盐度‒均一温度法(MPa) 45.95 43.58 5.16 55.46 52.98 4.48 39.41 38.86 1.38 41.52 38.84 6.47 59.77 55.61 6.96 66.65 61.62 7.55
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