Study on Dynamic Response of Debris Flow Impact on Check Dam with Sediments
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摘要: 拦挡坝有效库容和泥石流冲击力是泥石流实体拦挡坝设计的重要指标，现有实体拦挡坝在泥石流反复冲击作用下淤积甚至填满，会对坝体调控能力产生重要影响.为此，基于理论分析和物理模型试验，开展坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击实体拦挡坝动力响应研究，推导坝后淤积条件下泥石流速度衰减率、坝体拦挡率的无量纲计算公式，并建立考虑空间分布特性的坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力计算模型.结果表明：泥石流速度衰减率和坝体拦挡率与淤积体高度/淤积长度比值和泥石流相对容重呈正相关；泥石流冲击力静动荷载组合计算模型能较好反映坝后淤积条件下泥石流冲击力的组成和分布特征.上述研究可为泥石流实体拦挡坝工程设计提供理论及技术支持.Abstract: Effective reservoir capacity of retaining dam and impact force of debris flow are important indexes for the design of entity check dam of debris flow. Deposits or even fills in the existing entity check dam under repeated impact of debris flows, have great influence on the control ability of dam body. In this paper, based on theoretical analysis and physical model test, dynamic response of debris flow impinging entity check dam under the condition of silting behind dam is studied, dimensionless calculation formulas of velocity attenuation rate and retaining rate of dam body under the condition of silting behind dam are derived, and calculation model of impact force of debris flow under the condition of silting behind dam considering spatial distribution characteristics is established. The results show that the velocity attenuation rate and dam retaining rate of debris flow are positively correlated with the ratio of silt height to silt length and the relative density of debris flow. The combined calculation model of impact force and static and dynamic load of debris flow can better reflect the composition and distribution of impact force of debris flow under the condition of silting behind the dam. This study can provide theoretical and technical support for the design of solid debris flow retaining dam engineering.
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图 4 不同坝后淤积下泥石流冲击拦挡坝过程
Fig. 4. Debris flow impact barrier dam under different sediments behind dam
图 8 堆积压力与最大冲击力关系
Fig. 8. Relationship between accumulation pressure and maximum impact force
图 9 不同坝后淤积泥石流冲击拦挡坝力学模型
Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of debris flow impact check dam with different sediments behind dam
图 10 泥石流冲击力试验值与理论值对比
Fig. 10. Comparison between test value and theoretical value of impact force of debris flow
表 1 试验控制变量
Table 1. Control variables of experiment
试验组数 坝后淤积程度 泥石流容重（kN/m3） 试验沟槽坡度（°） 1~9 空库 14、16、18 20、23、26 10~18 半库 14、16、18 20、23、26 19~27 满库 14、16、18 20、23、26 
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表 2 影响因子量纲信息
Table 2. Dimensional information of impact factors
变量 符号 量纲 坝前泥石流流速 v0 [L][T]‒1 坝前泥石流流深 hm [L] 泥石流容重 γm [M][T]‒2[L]‒2 泥石流固相容重 γs [M][T]‒2[L]‒2 淤积体长度 ld [L] 淤积体高度 hd [L] 沟道纵坡坡度 θ 1 重力加速度 g [L][T]‒2
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