Response Characteristics of Groundwater Dynamics to Ocean Tide in Volcanic Island of South China
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摘要: 海潮是驱动地下水动态变化的动力基础，为探讨海潮对广东省硇洲岛地下水动态的影响，以地下水位和盐分作为主要指标，采用功率图谱分析地下水动态相对潮汐的频率特征，结合小波变换和互相关方法分析地下水动态的振幅和位相特征.结果表明：（1）硇洲岛海潮对地下水位的水平影响距离约为400~500 m.（2）离海距离、含水层特性是影响地下水对海潮响应的主要因素.（3）硇洲岛西北侧近海第四纪中砂层中存在海水进入地下淡水的通道，当含水层对海潮的水动力响应好且存在联系海水的通道时，海水盐分更易传输到地下淡水中.地下水动态对海潮的响应分析可以有效识别海潮的影响范围，从而为岛屿或近岸地下水咸化现象提供重要依据.Abstract: Ocean tide is the dynamic basis driving the hydrodynamic changes of groundwater. In order to explore the influence of ocean tide on the groundwater dynamics in Naozhou Island, Guangdong Province, the groundwater level and salinity were used as the main indicators, and the frequency characteristics of groundwater dynamics relative to tides were analyzed by power spectrum. Moreover, the amplitude and phase of groundwater dynamics were analyzed by combining wavelet transform and cross-correlation methods. The results show follows: (1) The response of groundwater to tidal loading has a certain spatial range. The horizontal influence of ocean tide on the groundwater level in Naozhou Island is about 400-500 m. (2) The distance from the sea and the aquifer properties are the main factors affecting the hydrodynamic response to the tide. (3) The channel connecting groundwater and seawater in Naozhou Island is distributed in the Quaternary medium sand layer. When the aquifer has a good hydrodynamic response to the tide and good connectivity with seawater, the seawater salt is more easily transmitted to the groundwater. The response analysis of groundwater dynamics to ocean tides can identify the influence range of ocean tides effectively, providing an important basis for the salinity phenomenon of groundwater in the island or nearshore areas.
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图 2 海潮观测点和地下观测井W1~W4的水位高程变化
高程基准为1985国家高程基准，以黄海1952~1979多年平均海平面作为基准面
Fig. 2. Variation of water level elevation at tide observation points and wells W1‒W4
图 3 地下水水位功率谱图
a.海潮水位；b.当地气压；c~f.地下观测井W1~W4水位
Fig. 3. Power spectrum of groundwater level
图 5 地下水位和电导相对海潮水位的互相关
a.W1；b.W2
Fig. 5. Cross-correlation plots of groundwater level and conductance relative to ocean tide level
图 6 朔望月周期内地下水位和电导的变化过程
a.W1；b.W2
Fig. 6. Variation process of groundwater level and conductance during the synodic cycle
图 7 朔望月周期内地下水电导和其水位波动的互相关图
a.W1；b.W2
Fig. 7. Cross-correlation plots of groundwater conductance and its water level fluctuations during the synodic cycle
表 1 地下观测井的基本情况
Table 1. The basic information of groundwater observation wells
地下观测井 W1 W2 W3 W4 离海距离(m) 63 479 218 1 462 井顶部高程(m) 3 14 10 13 实际井深(m) 86 148 50 23 水位埋深(m) 11 24 6 10 注：高程基准为1985国家高程基准，以黄海1952~1979多年平均海平面作为基准面. 
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表 2 地下观测井W1~W4在D6~D8频段内的有效波高及位相延迟
Table 2. Effective wave height and phase delay of wells W1‒W4 in frequency bands D6‒D8
波成分 周期(h) 海潮有效波高(m) 地下水有效波高(m) 地下水位相对海潮位相延迟(h) W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 D8 10~30 1.65 0.31 0.15 0.09 - 1.8 2.3 51.6 - D7 5~15 2.29 0.30 0.18 0.06 - 0.4 0.6 123.3 - D6 2~10 0.59 - - - 0.01 - - - 208.3 注：-表示互相关计算中没有得到有效结果.
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