Discussion on Enrichment Law of Organic Matter in Continental Shale with Clue of Primary Productivity and Carbon Storage Law
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摘要: 陆相优质烃源岩主要在盆地中心深湖-半深湖等深水环境发育，但大量页岩气勘探证实，富有机质页岩更靠近湖盆边缘，因此有必要深入剖析陆相湖盆有机质富集的规律.采用类比法对比页岩油气、煤的成矿条件，结合湖泊的初级生产力、固碳速率、化石发育，采用古地貌及埋藏史恢复手段，提出了页岩发育于浅水局限环境的六大证据.研究发现，页岩油气和煤具有相似的成矿模式；与浅水环境的煤、蒸发盐岩等具有共生关系；浅水环境下固碳速率远大于深水环境.结论是，页岩油气富集于浅水湖湾、间湾等封闭-半封闭环境；最大湖泛期凝缩段应为贫有机质段.最后以松南等地区进行验证，说明本结论具有普适性，可更好地指导陆相页岩油气勘探.Abstract: It is generally believed that it is easy to enrich oil and gas in deep-water environments such as deep lacustrine to semi-deep lacustrine in continental basins, but a large number of shale gas exploration has proved that shale gas reservoirs are generally located closer to the edge of lacustrine basins, so it is necessary to further study the law of organic matter enrichment in continental lacustrine basins. In this paper, the metallogenic conditions of shale oil, gas and coal are compared by analogy method. Combined with the primary productivity of the lake, the rate of carbon sequestration and fossil development, the paleo-geomognomy and burial history recovery means are used to put forward six evidence that shale developed in shallow water restricted environment. It is found that shale oil, gas and coal have similar metallogenic patterns, and have a symbiotic relationship with coal and evaporative salt in shallow water environment. The carbon sequestration rate in shallow water environment is much higher than that in deep water environment. The conclusion is that shale oil and gas are enriched in closed to semi-closed environment such as shallow lake bay and interbay. The condensed section of the maximum flood period should be the organic-poor section. Finally, the results are verified in Songnan area, indicating that this conclusion is universal and can guide shale oil and gas exploration better.
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图 1 银额盆地北部苏红图坳陷东北端下白垩统巴格毛德K1b2油页岩分布
据拜文华等(2010)修改
Fig. 1. Distribution of Bagmaud oil shale at the northeast end of Suhongtu depression in the north of Yin'e basin
图 3 吐哈盆地南缘沙尔湖煤田东部侏罗系煤层剖面特征
Fig. 3. Profile characteristics of coal seams in the east of Shaerhu coalfield on the southern margin of Turpan-Hami basin
图 4 华北地区石炭-二叠煤盆地沉积-构造剖面示意图
1.泻湖-滨海铁铝质沉积; 2.泻湖-障壁含煤沉积; 3.海湾、潮坪含煤沉积; 4.浅水三角洲含煤沉积; 5.冲积扇-河流含煤沉积; 6.煤层; 7.断陷盆地
Fig. 4. Sedimentary structural profile of Carboniferous-Permian coal basin in North China
图 5 岐口凹陷古近系渐新统烃源岩对比剖面
Fig. 5. Correlation profile of Paleogene-Oligocene source rocks in Qikou depression
图 7 湖泊溶解氧和初级生产力随水体深度的变化
a.湖泊溶解氧与相关因子垂向分布；b.初级生产力. 据俞焰等(2017)及費尊乐等(1988)
Fig. 7. Vertical distribution model of dissolved oxygen and related factors in Qiandao Lake area
图 8 太湖初级生产力空间分布(单位: mgC/(m2·d))
据张运林(2008)修改
Fig. 8. Spatial distribution of primary productivity in Taihu Lake
图 9 我国主要湖泊水体固碳速率与温度、湖泊面积的关系平面图(单位: g/(m2·a))
Fig. 9. Plan of the relationship between carbon sequestration rate, temperature and lake area of major lakes in China (unit: g/(m2·a))
图 10 梨树断陷下白垩统营一段叶肢介化石
a. L2井，3 165.67 m；b. L2井，3 146.21 m；c. L1井，3 241.15 m
Fig. 10. Leptopoda fossils from Ying-1 Member of Lower Cretaceous in Lishu fault depression
图 11 松辽盆地南部梨树断陷沙河子组二段烃源岩TOC分布平面图
Fig. 11. Total organic carbon (TOC) distribution of source rocks in the second member of Shahezi Formation in Lishu fault depression, southern Songliao basin
图 12 龙凤山断陷烃源岩厚度平面
Fig. 12. Thickness plan of source rocks in the Longfengshan fault depression
图 14 鄂尔多斯盆地南部三叠系延长组长7油页岩对比及构造发育剖面图
a.油页岩T3Y31-1沉积末；b. T3Y31-2沉积末；c. T3Y31-3沉积末；d.长7段沉积末
Fig. 14. Triassic Yanchang 7 oil shale correlation and structural development profile in southern Ordos basin
表 1 我国主要湖泊固碳速度与年平均气温、湖泊面积的关系
Table 1. Relationship between carbon fixation rate of main lakes and annual average temperature and lake area
湖泊名 固碳速率(g/(m2·a)) 水深(m) 海拔(m) 年平均气温(℃) 面积(km2) 独山湖 63.71 1.50 32 15.0 144.61 微山湖 24.91 3.00 32 15.0 660.00 洪湖 29.81 1.35 25 16.6 350.00 巢湖 40.78 2.89 15 16.0 780.00 太湖 16.82 1.90 62 17.1 2 427.80 东湖 129.36 6.00 20 17.7 31.75 乌梁素海 48.84 1.00 1 021 8.2 300.00 岱海 30.33 7.00 1 220 8.0 70.00 青海湖 22.95 21.00 3 196 1.2 4 625.60 呼伦湖 45.43 5.70 546 -0.1 2 339.00 红碱淖 20.45 15.00 1 242 8.9 31.51 安固里淖 32.21 3.00 1 312 2.8 47.60 滇池 35.43 5.00 1 886 14.7 330.00 泸沽湖 6.60 40.30 2 690 9.5 50.10 程海 34.80 25.74 1 622 17.6 78.80 洱海 3.48 10.50 1 972 15.7 246.00 洞错 6.47 68.70 4 396 0 87.70 苟鲁错 5.60 1.30 4 666 -5.0 23.50 色林错 3.85 33.00 4 530 -6.0 2 391.00 希门错 10.47 40.00 4 020 -2.0 50.00 清水河 5.12 15.00 4 480 -6.2 689.00 小月亮泡 5.47 4.70 125 4.3 205.00 
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表 2 我国主要陆相页岩地层有机质类型及含气量统计
Table 2. Statistics of organic matter types and gas content in continental shale formations
盆地名称 层位 含气量(m3/t) 有机质类型 鄂尔多斯盆地 长7 1.60~4.95 Ⅱ 长9 Ⅱ 松辽盆地 松辽盆地青一段 Ⅰ-Ⅱ 营一段 0~4.5/2.0 II1-II2 松辽盆地青二、三段 Ⅱ 济阳坳陷 济阳坳陷沙一段 Ⅰ-Ⅱ1 济阳坳陷沙三下亚段 Ⅰ-Ⅱ1 济阳坳陷沙四上亚段 Ⅱ1 辽河坳陷 辽河坳陷沙三段 2.74~5.58/4.37 Ⅱ1 四川盆地 侏罗系自流井组 1.35~1.66 腐泥型，腐殖-腐泥型 大安寨二亚段 0.78~5.8/4.31 II2 千佛崖组二段 0.68~5.69/3.53 II1、II2 东岳庙段 0.47~4.82/2.27 II、III 须家河三段 0.98~41.81/11.31 II2、III 川东北地区大安寨段 0.87~1.98/1.49 II2、III 川西坳陷 1.37 III型，少量II2型 川北川东北川中一带 1.28 III型，少量II2型 川东北地区大安寨段 0.87~1.98/1.49 Ⅱ2或Ⅲ型 阜新盆地 沙海组和九佛堂组 0.5~2.5 II2型 阜新组 1.5 III型 南襄盆地 泌阳凹陷下侏罗统 1.35~1.66 混合-腐殖 泌阳凹陷核桃园组 2.5~6.1 Ⅰ-Ⅱ1
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