New Structural Style of Spatial Architecture and Derived Structure of Intracratonic Strike-Slip Faults: A Case Study of Shunbei No. 12 Fault, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 随着高精度连片三维地震资料的采集，塔里木盆地克拉通内部发育的中小滑移距走滑断裂呈现出复杂的空间结构与构造样式.为此，以顺北12号断裂为研究对象，开展了顺北12号断裂及派生构造的三维空间结构、活动特征和活动期次的精细解析与成因机制分析.结果表明：（1）顺北地区主干走滑断裂自西向东挤压变形逐渐增强，其中顺北12号断裂处于NE向走滑断裂体系的过渡位置，构造样式上既发育西侧弱挤压断裂体系的“拉分-平移-压隆”三段式分段结构，也发育东侧强挤压断裂体系的“压脊构造”.（2）顺北12号断裂碳酸盐岩顶面北部发育NE20°走向派生分支断裂，浅层发育沿下伏主干断裂走向展布的雁列正断层，上部雁列正断层活动强烈，连接形成扇形雁列带，下部主干断裂线性发育，从而形成了一种上部连片发育雁列正断层、下部发育高陡直立断裂的新的分层变形样式.（3）在盆缘动力背景影响下，顺北12号断裂及其派生分支经历了3期左行走滑活动：在加里东中期Ⅲ幕顺北12号断裂及其派生分支断裂初始活动；加里东晚期，深部断裂活化并相互影响，拖曳上覆地层形成第一期雁列正断层；海西中期，形成第二期雁列正断层.Abstract: With the acquisition of high-precision continuous 3D seismic data, the intracratonic strike-slip faults with medium to small slip displacements reveal complex spatial structure and structural style. In this study it carries out detailed analysis on the three-dimensional spatial structure, kinematic characteristics and movement periods of the Shunbei No. 12 fault and its formation mechanism. The results show follows: (1) The compressional deformation of the first-order strike-slip faults in the Shunbei area gradually increases from the west to the east. Among these strike-slip faults, the Shunbei No. 12 fault is located in a transitional position in the NE-trending strike-slip fault system. In terms of structural style, both the "pull-up structure, strike-slip segment, and push-up structure" segmented structure and the "pressure ridge structure" of the faults to the west and to the east, respectively, are developed. (2) In the north of the carbonate rock top surface of Shunbei No. 12 fault, NE 20° trending branch faults are developed. The upper en echelon normal faults are strongly active, forming a fan-shaped geometry. The lower fault is characterized by steeply dipping faults, forming into a new structural style. (3) Under the influence of tectonic events at the plate boundaries, the Shunbei No. 12 fault and its derived branches experienced three stages of left lateral strike slip movements: in the third episode of the Middle Caledonian period, the Shunbei No. 12 fault and the branch faults were initiated. In the Late Caledonian period, multiple fault planes were activated and interacted with each other, dragging the overlying strata to form the first series of en echelon normal fault. In the Middle Hercynian period, the second series of en echelon normal faults were formed.
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图 1 塔里木盆地顺北及邻区下古生界断裂分布
Fig. 1. Distribution of Lower Paleozoic faults in the Shunbei area and the surroundings of the Tarim basin
图 2 塔里木盆地顺北地区古生界地层(据邓尚等，2021修改)
Fig. 2. Paleozoic strata in the Shunbei area, Tarim basin (modified from Deng et al., 2021)
图 3 顺北东部北东向走滑断裂T74界面相干及断裂解释
Fig. 3. Coherence and fault interpretation of the T74 interface of the NE-trending strike-slip fault
图 4 顺北12号断裂多层位相干及断裂展布
Fig. 4. Coherence slices of multiple interfaces and the fault interpretation of Shunbei No.12 fault
图 6 顺北12号断裂T74界面垂向断距及平面分段
Fig. 6. Vertical separation and fault segmentation of Shunbei No.12 fault on interface T74
图 7 顺北12号断裂分支断裂平面、剖面样式
Fig. 7. Planar and sectional characteristics of the branch faults of Shunbei No.12 fault
图 8 顺北东部北东向断裂典型剖面
剖面位置见图 3
Fig. 8. Typical section of NE-trending faults in the east of Shunbei area
图 10 顺北12号断裂生长指数及雁列断层断距
剖面位置见图 4
Fig. 10. Growth index of Shunbei No.12 fault and vertical offset of en echelon faults
图 11 顺北12号断裂力学机制及雁列断层连通发育模式
Fig. 11. Mechanical mechanism of Shunbei No.12 fault and model diagrams of en echelon fault connectivity development
表 1 各层位雁列断层数据统计
Table 1. Data statistics of en echelon faults in each horizon
层位 雁列断层数量 雁列断层密度 T70 53条 0.88条/km T63 66条 1.1条/km T60 56条 0.93条/km T56 42条 0.7条/km 
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