从高分辨率地震层析成像看青藏高原软流圈的物质运动

杨文采; 刘晓宇; 陈召曦; 江金生

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2022.871

从高分辨率地震层析成像看青藏高原软流圈的物质运动

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.871

杨文采^{1, 2,},
刘晓宇^2, ,,
陈召曦²,
江金生¹

1.
浙江大学地球科学学院, 浙江杭州 310027
2.
中国地质大学地球物理与信息技术学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

中国地质调查项目 12120113093800

详细信息

作者简介:
杨文采（1942-），男，中国科学院院士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事综合地球物理研究.E-mail：yang007@zju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘晓宇，E-mail：nbysss@126.com

中图分类号: P313
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-14
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Asthenosphere Mass Movement in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Revealed by High-Resolution Seismic Tomography

1.
School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2.
School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 通过分辨率达到0.5°×0.5°×10 km的青藏高原地壳与上地幔三维成像，为研究青藏高原在新生代的动力学作用提供了新的认识.软流圈的波速扰动数据证实，特提斯大洋板块在拆沉后只俯冲到410 km的间断面之上，并不是所有的大洋板块都会俯冲到上地幔底部.这种大洋板块在软流圈拆沉后激发的热流体上涌，造成高原中部大规模的火山喷发，是青藏高原隆升的主要动力来源之一.根据上地幔三维地震层析成像结果定量计算了岩石圈-软流圈界面（LAB）的深度，揭示了软流圈地幔物质的上涌或者岩石圈地块下沉的作用布局，表明青藏高原的东部在新生代动力学作用过程中是一个相对独立的岩石圈地幔块体.
- 大陆动力学 /
- 青藏高原 /
- 软流圈 /
- 层析成像 /
- LAB高分辨率 /
- 地球物理
Abstract: Through the three-dimensional seismic imaging of the upper mantle of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with a resolution of 0.5°×0.5°×10 km, it provides a new understanding for the study of the dynamic evolution of the plateau in the Cenozoic Era. The asthenosphere P-wave velocity disturbance data confirm that the Tethys Oceanic Plate only subducted to the 410 km discontinuity after its delamination, proving that not all oceanic plates were subducting to the bottom of the upper mantle. The upwelling of the thermal fluid, excited by this oceanic plate delamination in the asthenosphere and the rupture process of the continental lithosphere, caused a large-scale volcanic eruption in the middle of the plateau, which is one of the main sources of power for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to the results of three-dimensional seismic tomography of the upper mantle, the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) was quantitatively calculated, revealing the upwelling locations of asthenosphere material and the sinking of lithosphere mass, indicating that the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a relatively independent continental lithosphere-mantle block in the regional dynamic process of Cenozoic dynamics.
- continental dynamics /
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau /
- asthenosphere /
- seismic tomography /
- LAB high-resolution /
- geophysics

HTML全文

图 1 研究采集地震数据的台站和地震源分布（a），研究区域地震射线（蓝色）分布（b），P波速度成像在检测板试验结果（c）

图中红色三角形为地方地震台网的台站位置，绿色圆圈为该区域3级以上地震位置；检测板深度分别为11 km，78 km，120 km和310 km

Fig. 1. The seismic stations and earthquakes distributions (a), rays distribution (b); and the seismic P-wave checkerboard for different depths (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 青藏高原沿经度92°E的上地幔P波速度剖面

a.2019年用分辨率1°×1°×20 km网格取得的P波速度扰动剖面图；b.2021年用分辨率0.5°×0.5°×10 km网格取得的P波速度剖面图.A-B. 标注和印度大陆岩石圈地幔俯冲有关的高速异常体；C-D.标注和特提斯大洋板块俯冲有关的高速异常体的顶面

Fig. 2. The seismic P-wave velocity disturbance profile computed in 2019 (a) and new velocity profile computed in 2021 (b) along 92°E in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 上地幔不同深度的地震层析成像平面图

a.波速扰动，深度120 km，岩石圈地幔；b.波速扰动，深度180 km；c.波速，深度260 km；d. 波速，深度360 km，软流圈底部

Fig. 3. The seismic P-wave velocity images on depth of 120 km, 180 km, 260 km and 360 km respectively

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 青藏高原地壳上地幔物质运动模式

a.晚白垩世青藏高原的地壳上地幔模型，特提斯大洋板块尚未开始俯冲；b.大约70 Ma特提斯大洋板块开始俯冲的地壳上地幔模型；c.大约35 Ma特提斯大洋完全封闭、印度大陆岩石圈开始俯冲的地壳上地幔模型，特提斯大洋板块开始拆沉；d.现今青藏高原地壳上地幔模型

Fig. 4. The mass-motion model of the crust and upper-mantle in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 岩石圈-软流圈界面（LAB）深度平面图（a）和立体图（b）

字母A~F标记软流圈物质的上涌区，字母P~R标记岩石圈物质的下沉运动区.A.柴达木东；B.东昆仑；C.羌塘；D.当惹雍错；E.滇南印支；F.六盘-关中；P.中印度；Q.东印-缅甸；R.青海东部地区

Fig. 5. The calculated plane map (a) and stereoscopic chart (b) of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary depth in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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