Sedimentary Characteristics and Development Pattern of Sublacustrine Fan in the Third Member of Dongying Formation in the South-Central Western Slope of Liaozhong Sag
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摘要: 为明确辽中凹陷中南部西斜坡东三段砂体成因类型、控制因素和分布规律，综合利用钻测井、分析化验以及三维地震等资料，分析砂体沉积响应特征，探讨其控制因素及其发育模式，并通过井震标定、地层切片、属性提取等技术手段，明确高精度层序格架下重力流平面分布和垂向演化特征. 研究结果表明：研究区东三段砂体为湖底扇沉积，在粒度曲线和C-M图上具有重力流的沉积特征；沉积构造以块状砂岩为主，局部发育漂砾、泥岩撕裂屑、波纹层理、平行层理等沉积特征；地震上具有单轴强振幅反射与中弱振幅低频兼具有构型的两类地震相特征. 东三时期湖底扇砂体主要受盆外物源供给、坡折带、次级湖泛面等三因素联合控制. 其中，西部燕山盆外物源形成的大型辫状河三角洲越过“链状岛”式的辽西低凸起，为湖底扇沉积提供了富砂的物质基础；沉积坡折控制湖底扇发育位置和相带边界，盆内顺向断裂坡折与反向断裂坡折对砂体分布和流向具有再分配和调节作用，进一步控制湖底扇平面展布形态和砂体发育程度；湖平面频繁波动变化形成的次级湖泛面，控制湖底扇垂向多期叠加，湖泛泥岩对斜坡带侧向遮挡提供了良好的保存条件. 三因素动态平衡的湖底扇沉积模式控制了斜坡区发育大面积的岩性圈闭群. 湖底扇主要分布在东三层序湖泛体系域内，低位域与高位域少量发育；平面上B构造区湖底扇呈舌状展布，其发育规模与分布范围优于A、C构造区，且垂向叠合性好，油气成藏条件优越，是下步岩性油气藏勘探与评价的有利目标.Abstract: In order to clarify the genetic types, controlling factors and distribution rules of sandbodies in the third member of Dongying Formation of the west slope in the south-central Liaozhong Sag, combining drilling logs, analytical tests and 3D seismic data, the characteristics of sandbodies sedimentary response were analyzed, and its controlling factors and development patterns were discussed, the plane distribution and vertical evolution characteristics of gravity flow under high-precision sequence framework were clarified by means of well seismic calibration, stratum slicing and attribute extraction. The results show that the sandbodies in the third member of Dongying Formation of the study area were sublacustrine fan deposits, which have unique sedimentary characteristics of gravity flow on the grain size curve and C-M map. The sedimentary structure was dominated by massive sandstone, with local gravity flow characteristics such as boulders, mudstone lacerations, corrugated bedding and parallel bedding. There are two kinds of seismic phase characteristics: strong amplitude reflection of a single in-phase axis, low frequency of medium and weak amplitude, and certain configuration. The sublacustrine fan sandbodies were mainly controlled by the source supply outside the basin, the slope break zone and the secondary lake flood surface. Among them, The large braided river delta formed from the source outside the western Yanshan, which crossed the Liaoxi low uplift of "chain island" type, provided the material basis for sublacustrine fan deposition. the development location and facies zone boundary of sublacustrine fan were controled by the sedimentary slope breaks. The forward and reverse fault slope breaks in the basin can redistribute and regulate the distribution and flow direction of sand bodies, and further control the plane distribution morphology and development degree of sublacustrine fan sandbodies. The secondary flood surface formed by the frequent fluctuation of the lake plane controlled the vertical multi-phase superposition of sublacustrine fan, and the flood mudstone provided a good preservation condition for the lateral occlusion of the slope zone. The three-factor dynamic equilibrium sublacustrine fan sedimentation model controled the development of large-area lithologic traps in the slope area. sublacustrine fan are mainly distributed in the trangressive system tract of in the third member of Dongying sequence, a small amount of sublacustrine fan are developed in the lowstand system tract and highstand system tract. In the plane, the sublacustrine fan in the B structure area is tongue like, and its development scale and distribution range are better than those in the A and C structure areas, and the vertical overlap is good, and the oil and gas accumulation conditions are superior, which is a favorable target for the next exploration and evaluation of lithologic reservoirs.
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图 1 研究区区域位置、地层特征
a. 区域位置图；b. 地层综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Regional location, stratigraphy and profile characteristics of slope zone in the study area
图 2 东三段层序地层划分(剖面位置见图 1)
Fig. 2. Sequence stratigraphy division in the third member of the Dongying Formation
图 3 东三段砂体镜下特征
a. B-2，3 226.15 m，正交2.5×；b. B-2，3 227.22 m，正交2.5×；c. B-1，3 119 m，单偏5.0×，粒间溶蚀孔；d. B-1，3 486 m，单偏5.0×，溶蚀粒内孔
Fig. 3. Microscopic characteristics of sand bodies in the third member of the Dongying Formation
图 4 东三段砂体粒度概率曲线与C-M图特征
a. 重力流粒度概率曲线特征；b. 重力流C-M图特征
Fig. 4. Sand size probability curve and C-M diagram characteristics in the third member of the Dongying Formation
图 5 东三段砂体沉积环境粒度参数判别
Fig. 5. Grain size parameter discrimination of the sedimentary environment in the third member of the Dongying Formation
图 6 东三段砂体岩心特征
a. C-1，2 811.2 m，泥岩撕裂屑，滑动面；b. C-1，3 236 m，砂岩脉；c. C-1，3 185 m，砂岩脉；d. B-2，3 226.12~3 226.42 m，块状层理；e. B-2，3 230.72~3 231.07 m，泥岩撕裂屑；f. B-2，3 229.79~3 230.34 m，泥砾，局部波状纹层；g. B-2，3 226.57~3 226.70 m，突变面；h. B-2，3 228.12~3 228.30 m，水平层理；i. B-2，3 229.32~3 229.52 m，水平层理，波状纹层
Fig. 6. Sand Characteristics of cores in the third member of the Dongying Formation
图 7 东三段砂体地球物理响应特征
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 7. Geophysical response of sand characteristics in the third member of the Dongying Formation
图 8 “链状岛”物源供给特征
a. 东三时期古地貌图；b. 横切辽西低凸起地层结构图；c. 顺物源方向过物源通道沉积充填图
Fig. 8. Provenance supply characteristics of chain island
图 9 东三层序坡折带对湖底扇分布位置的控制
Fig. 9. Control of sublacustrine fan distribution in slope break zone in the third member of the Dongying sequence
图 10 东三层序高频旋回对湖底扇砂体的控制
Fig. 10. Control of high frequency cycles on sublacustrine fan sand bodies in the third member of the Dongying sequence
图 11 东三层序湖底扇砂体连井对比与地震属性特征
Fig. 11. Correlation and seismic characteristics of sublacustrine fan sand bodies connecting wells in the third member of the Dongying sequence
图 12 东三层序沉积体系平面分布及演化
a. 东三层序低位体系域沉积体系展布；b. 东三层序湖泛体系域沉积体系展布；c. 东三层序高位体系域沉积体系展布
Fig. 12. Plane distribution and evolution of sedimentary system in the third member of Dongying sequence
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