Late Devonian Post-Collisional Magmatic Rocks in Northern Thailand: Implication for the Tethyan Evolution
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摘要: 东南亚特提斯构造带的研究主要集中在晚古生代古特提斯的演化，而对于原特提斯演化的研究非常薄弱.对泰国北部花岗岩和角闪辉长岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究.这些岩浆岩的加权平均年龄为367~361 Ma，时代为晚泥盆世. 泰北花岗岩属高钾钙碱性A2型花岗岩，具备LILE相对富集，HFSE相对亏损的地球化学特征，具明显的Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti的负异常. Hf同位素具有正εHf（t）值（+5.43~+10.91），TDM2年龄在1 015.0~668.9 Ma之间，来源于年轻的镁铁质下地壳. 角闪辉长岩具高含量的Al2O3、Zr和Nb，低含量的TiO2、Ni，LILE相对富集和HFSE相对亏损，明显的Nb和Ta负异常，类似于岛弧钙碱性玄武岩特征. 正的εHf（t）值（+1.24~+9.11）和高的Mg#（50.0~64.8）表明其来源于亏损的地幔楔.根据泰国北部岩浆岩U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及地球化学特征，认为它们形成于晚泥盆世后碰撞伸展构造背景下，可以与缅甸东部、云南西南部同期原特提斯地质记录对比，该成果为滇西南及东南亚地区原特提斯演化提供了依据.Abstract: The studies of the Tethys tectonic belt in Southeast Asia mainly focus on the evolution of the Paleo-Tethys in the Late Paleozoic, while the studies of the Proto-Tethys evolution immediately are pretty weakThe present study focuses on zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes of granites and hornblende gabbros from northern Thailand. These magmatic rocks yielded zircon U-Pb weighted mean age of 367-361 Ma.The geologic age is the Late Devonian. The northern Thailand granites are the high-K calc-alkaline A2 type granites, with the geochemical characteristics of relatively enriched LILE and relatively depleted HFSE, with obvious negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti. The Hf isotopes have positive εHf(t) values (+5.43-+10.91) with TDM2 ages of 1 015.0-668.9 Ma, indicating a juvenile mafic lower crust source.The hornblende gabbros showhigh Al2O3、Zr and Nbcontents, but low contents of TiO2 and Ni, with the geochemical characteristics ofrelatively enriched LILE and relatively depleted HFSE, with the distinctly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, similar to the characteristics of island arc calc-alkaline basalts. Positive εHf(t) values (+1.24-+9.11) and high Mg# (50.0-64.8) indicate that it originates from the depleted mantle wedge. Based on the U-Pb age, Hf isotope and geochemical characteristics of the magmatic rocks in northern Thailand, it is believed that they were formed in the Late Devonian post-collisional extension-related tectonic setting, which can be compared with the corresponding the Proto-Tethys geological records in eastern Myanmar and southwestern Yunnan. The results provide evidence for the evolution of the Proto-Tethys in southwest Yunnan and Southeast Asia.
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Key words:
- Late Devonian /
- Tethys /
- magmatic rock /
- post-collision /
- northern Thailand /
- geochemistry
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图 1 (a) 东南亚大地构造单元分布；(b)泰国北部区域地质图
a中：①哀牢山构造带；②西缅断裂；③琅勃拉邦构造带；④难河构造带; b.据Geological Map of Northern Thailand 1∶250 000）
Fig. 1. (a)Distribution of tectonic units in Southeast Asia; (b)Geological map of northern Thailand
图 2 研究样品及其显微特征
Ab. 钾长石；Q. 石英；Pl. 斜长石；Amph. 角闪石
Fig. 2. Field and microscope (hand specimen) photos
图 3 QAP定名图解和PlPxHb定名图解
Fig. 3. QAP nomenclature diagram and PlPxHb nomenclature diagram
图 4 锆石阴极发光（CL）图像
a. N12-15-1g；b. N12-15-2g；c. N12-15-2；d. N12-15-3；红圈. U-Pb年龄测试点位；黄圈. Hf同位素测试点位
Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) image of Zircons
图 5 锆石U-Pb年龄协和图
a. N12-15-1g；b. N12-15-2g；c. N12-15-2；d. N12-15-3
Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb age concordance diagram
图 6 原位锆石U-Pb年龄（Ma）与εHf(t)关系图
Fig. 6. Plots of U-Pb ages(Ma) vs. εHf(t) of in-situ zircons
图 7 (a) SiO2-K2O（据Rickwood, 1989）；(b)SiO2-Na2O+K2O（据Middlemost, 1994）
Fig. 7. (a)SiO2-K2O (from Rickwood, 1989); (b)SiO2-Na2O+K2O(from Middlemost, 1994)
图 8 (a) 原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图；(b)球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图
Fig. 8. (a)Spider diagram of trace element ratio (PM-normalized); (b)the REE distribution patterns (chondrite-normalized)
图 9 (a) K2O+Na2O vs. 10 000×Ga/Al；(b) FeO+MgO vs. 10 000×Ga/Al；(c) Ce vs. 10 000×Ga/Al；(d) Y vs. 10 000×Ga/Al图解（据Whalen et al.，1987）
Fig. 9. (a) K2O+Na2O vs. 10 000×Ga/Al; (b) FeO+MgO vs. 10 000×Ga/Al; (c) Ce vs. 10 000×Ga/Al; (d) Y vs. 10 000×Ga/Al diagram (from Whalen et al., 1987)
图 11 花岗岩：Rb Vs. Y+Nb，Nb Vs. Y(据Pearce，1996)
Fig. 11. granite: Rb Vs. Y+Nb, Nb Vs. Y(from Pearce, 1996)
图 12 Th/Nb-Zr图解（据Wang et al.，2013）
Fig. 12. Th/Nb-Zr diagram (from Wang et al., 2013)
图 13 （a）Ti/100-Zr-Y×3图解（据Pearce and Cann，1973）；（b）Hf/3-Th-Ta图解（据Wood et al.，1979）
Fig. 13. （a）Ti/100-Zr-Y×3 diagram (from Pearce and Cann, 1973); B) Hf/3-Th-Ta diagram (from Wood et al., 1979)
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