Stratigraphic Sequence of the Ediacaran Dengying Formation around the Huangling Anticline, Western Hubei Provence: Implications for Regional Stratigraphic Correlation
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摘要: 华南峡东地区埃迪卡拉纪灯影组保存了大量埃迪卡拉纪宏体生物化石，是研究寒武纪大爆发之前生命演化的热点地层单元之一. 峡东灯影组一般划分为3段，然而灯影组在黄陵背斜周缘不同位置的厚度、岩性等方面具有差异性，使得峡东地区灯影组的地层对比关系还有待于进一步研究.围绕鄂西黄陵背斜周缘灯影组进行对比研究，以岩石地层序列为基础，厘定不同区域灯影组的地层序列.将黄陵背斜周缘灯影组地层总结归纳出7种类型并建立各岩石地层单元之间的联系.从而揭示灯影组的区域性变化，进而为埃迪卡拉纪晚期环境和生物演化研究提供地层对比方面的重要支撑.Abstract: The Ediacaran Dengying Formation inthe Yangtze Gorges area contains many well-preserved macrofossils, one of the most intensively studied Ediacaran units before the Cambrian Explosion. The Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area canbe generally subdivided into three lithostratigraphic members. However, the thickness and lithology of the Dengying Formation at different locations around the HuanglingAnticline are different. The stratigraphic correlation of the Dengying Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area needs further study. In this paper, a comparative study was carried out around the HuanglingAnticline in western Hubei Province. The stratigraphic sequence of the Dengying Formation is proposed to be categorized into seven types based on lithostratigraphic features. Moreover, the relationship between each lithostratigraphic unit in the Denying Formation is summarized. Consequently, the research will bebeneficialto the regional correlation of the Dengying Formation, and help unveil environmental and biotic evolutions in the late Ediacaran period.
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Key words:
- Ediacaran /
- Dengying Formation /
- Miaohe Member /
- stratigraphic correlation /
- Yangtze Gorges area /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 研究区地质背景图和剖面位置
a. 新元古代晚期中国主要构造板块分布图，中国地图根据自然资源部监制GS（2019）1673号绘制，研究区位于扬子板块北缘红色方框所示；b. 研究区地质简图和剖面位置
Fig. 1. Geological setting of the study area and localities of study sections
图 2 峡东地区灯影峡型灯影组剖面岩石地层柱状图及部分野外照片
a~e. 分别赵自强等（1985）、Zhu et al.（2003）、Jiang et al.（2007）、Ding et al.（2019）和陈孝红等（2016），其中c仅引用其南沱-石牌剖面部分，蛤蟆井段来自九龙湾地区，并不属于本类型，虚线展示岩石地层对比；f. 南沱-石牌沿江剖面陡山沱组与灯影组分界；g. 南沱-石牌沿江剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段与石板滩段分界
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Dengyingxia-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 3 峡东地区雾河型灯影组综合柱状图及部分野外照片
a. 雾河型灯影组剖面及化石分布情况，为综合地层柱状图，陡山沱组顶部和灯影组蛤蟆井段来自于九龙湾地区，石板滩段地层参考雾河地区，白马沱段地层来自于水洞垭地区，化石分布引自Xiao et al.（2021）和An et al.（2020）；b. 柘林子湾剖面石板滩段顶部Shaanxilithes化石；c. 九龙湾剖面陡山沱组与灯影组连续过渡，黑色页岩为陡山沱组第四段，泥质白云岩和白云岩归属灯影组蛤蟆井段；d. 雾河地区蛤蟆井段顶部帐篷构造；e. 柘林子湾剖面灯影组石板滩段与白马沱段界线；上述照片中地质锤长度为32 cm
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Sandouping-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 4 峡东地区青林口型灯影组综合柱状图及部分野外照片
a. 青林口剖面灯影组地层剖面，柱状图右侧的b、e和f分别与右侧照片对应；b. 青林口剖面蛤蟆井段上部帐篷构造，红色椭圆内为比例尺；c. 庙河剖面庙河段硅质页岩，地质锤锤头长15 cm；d. 九曲脑剖面庙河段与石板滩段分界，硅质页岩和泥质白云岩归属庙河段，深灰色厚层状白云岩归属石板滩段，地质锤长28 cm；e. 青林口剖面庙河段硅质页岩、石板滩段深灰色厚层状白云岩和深灰色薄层状灰岩，红色椭圆所示地质锤长32 cm；f. 青林口剖面石板滩段灰岩中含硅质结核，红色箭头指向硅质结核；g. 泗溪地区灯影组石板滩段、白马沱段及岩家河组野外接触关系，岩家河组与灯影组白马沱段之间存在暴露侵蚀面
Fig. 4. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Miaohe-Qinglinkou-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 5 峡东地区芝麻坪型灯影组综合柱状图及部分野外照片
a. 芝麻坪灯影组地层剖面柱状图，b~f对应右侧的野外照片；b. 芝麻坪剖面陡山沱组第四段顶部黑色页岩和“锅底状”结核；c. 芝麻坪剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段灰白色块状白云岩；d. 芝麻坪剖面庙河段底部黑色碳质页岩；e. 芝麻坪剖面庙河段黑色硅质页岩；f. 芝麻坪剖面庙河段顶部硅质页岩与石板滩段底部中-厚层状灰岩界线；g. 高岚剖面灯影组石板滩段与白马沱段界线，白色短棍长1 m；b，d和e中地质锤长32 cm
Fig. 5. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Zhimaping-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 6 峡东地区麻溪型灯影组剖面及部分野外照片
a. 麻溪剖面柱状图，b~d对应右侧野外照片；b. 麻溪剖面陡山沱组三段、四段和灯影组蛤蟆井段接触关系，黄色箭头指向“锅底状”结核；c. 麻溪剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段顶部帐篷构造；d. 麻溪剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段与庙河段接触界线，蛤蟆井段顶部为白云岩，庙河段底部为磷矿和黑色碳质页岩；c~d中地质锤长32 cm
Fig. 6. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Maxi-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 7 峡东地区樟村坪型灯影组剖面及部分野外照片
a~d为樟村坪型灯影组典型剖面，e~h为对应右侧野外照片；e. 袁家沟剖面陡山沱组与灯影组界线；f. 袁家沟剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段鲕粒白云岩；g. 白鹭垭剖面灯影组石板滩段皮壳状构造；h. 白鹭垭剖面白马沱段上部管状化石；i. 盐池河剖面灯影组白马沱段上部泥质白云岩与黑色页岩互层
Fig. 7. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Zhangcunping-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 8 峡东地区晓峰型灯影组剖面及部分野外照片
a. 寻子头剖面灯影组地层柱状图，b~h对应右侧照片；b. 晓峰剖面陡山沱组灰黑色薄层状白云岩与灯影组蛤蟆井段灰白色厚层状白云岩分界；c. 寻子头剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段顶部帐篷构造；d~e. 寻子头剖面灯影组蛤蟆井段顶部鲕粒白云岩，硬币直径2 cm；f. 寻子头剖面灯影组石板滩段下部灰黑色薄层状灰岩，硬币直径2 cm；g. 寻子头剖面灯影组白马沱段与天柱山段分界，地质锤长32 cm；h. 寻子头剖面灯影组天柱山段与水井沱组分界，油性笔长15 cm
Fig. 8. Stratigraphic column and field photos of the Xiaofeng-type Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area
图 9 黄陵背斜周缘灯影组岩石地层对比图
a. 樟村坪型剖面，选取ZK407钻孔剖面为代表；b. 晓峰型剖面以寻子头剖面为代表；c. 灯影峡型剖面修改自陈孝红等（2016）；d. 雾河型剖面为雾河、九龙湾、水洞垭地区综合剖面；e. 青林口型剖面以青林口剖面为代表；f. 芝麻坪型剖面以芝麻坪剖面为代表；g. 麻溪型剖面以麻溪剖面为代表
Fig. 9. Lithostratigraphic correlation of Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorgesarea
图 10 峡东、滇东和陕南地区灯影组地层对比图
a. 峡东地区灯影组地层剖面以雾河型剖面为代表，Shaanxilithes产出位置引自An et al.（2020），同位素年龄引自Huang et al.（2020）和Zhang et al.（2022）；b. 滇东地区灯影组地层剖面引自Zhu et al.（2003），Shaanxilithes产出位置张志亮等（2015），同位素年龄引自Yang et al.（2021）；c. 陕南地区灯影组地层剖面引自Cui et al.（2019），Shaanxilithes产出位置引自Cai et al.（2010），同位素年龄引自Cui et al.（2016）
Fig. 10. Stratigraphic correlation of Dengying Formation in Yangtze Gorges area, Eastern Yunnan and Southern Shaanxi
表 1 黄陵背斜周缘7种类型灯影组岩性特征对照表
Table 1. Lithostratigraphic characteristics of seven types Dengying Formationa round the Huangling Anticline
类型段 樟村坪型 晓峰型 灯影峡型 雾河型 青林口型 芝麻坪型 麻溪型 蛤蟆井段 灰白色厚层状白云岩，发育鲕粒，帐篷构造 灰白色厚层状白云岩，发育鲕粒，帐篷构造 灰白色厚层状白云岩，发育鲕粒，帐篷构造 灰白色厚层状白云岩，发育帐篷构造 浅灰色厚层状白云岩，发育帐篷构造、角砾 浅灰色厚层-块状白云岩 灰白色厚层状白云岩，发育风暴角砾岩，帐篷构造 庙河段 不发育 不发育 不发育 不发育 黑色硅质页岩为主，产庙河生物群宏体炭质压膜化石 黑色硅质页岩为主，产庙河生物群宏体炭质压膜化石 黑色页岩和泥质灰岩，产庙河生物群宏体炭质压膜化石 石板滩段 灰-深灰色皮壳状白云岩，发育鸟眼构造，叠层石 底部为深灰色薄层状灰岩，其上为薄层状白云岩，发育叠层石 深灰色薄层状灰岩，中间夹白云岩 深灰色薄层状灰岩，产宏体藻类、遗迹化石、埃迪卡拉型化石、管状化石等 底部常见深灰色厚层状白云岩，总体以深灰色薄层灰岩为主 下部为深灰色薄层状灰岩，上部为深灰色薄层状白云岩 下部为深灰色薄层状泥质灰岩-灰岩，上部为深灰色薄层状白云岩 白马沱段 灰白色厚层-块状白云岩，中上部发育薄层状页岩与泥质白云岩互层 灰色厚层状白云岩，中部发育深色薄层状泥质白云岩 灰白色厚层状-块状白云岩，发育硅质结核或团块，鸟眼构造 灰白色厚层状白云岩，发育溶蚀孔洞，产遗迹化石、管状化石 灰白色厚层-块状白云岩，产管状化石 灰白色厚层-块状白云岩，顶部多与上覆水井沱组断层接触 灰白色厚层-块状白云岩 天柱山段 不发育，白马沱段上部地层与之对应 薄层状白云岩，顶部发育磷质条带 薄层状白云岩、泥质白云岩，产小壳化石 不发育，岩家河组与之对应 不发育，岩家河组与之对应 不发育，推断灯影组与水井沱组直接接触 不发育，推断灯影组与水井沱组直接接触 
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