Sedimentary and Characteristics of the Denying Formation and Its Exploration Prospect in Sichuan Basin
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摘要: 前人对四川盆地震旦系灯影组沉积格局及储层发育类型的认识存在较大分歧. 为给全盆灯影组油气勘探提供支持,利用野外剖面、钻井及地震资料,开展了灯影组沉积格局及多类型储层发育特征研究,明确了优质储层发育控制因素,指明了勘探突破有利区. 研究结果表明:(1)受绵阳-长宁裂陷槽、汉南古陆及开江-宣汉古隆起控制,灯影组发育灯二-灯四期台缘丘滩及台内丘滩4个有利相带;(2)灯四段有利丘滩相带发育受隆凹格局控制,裂陷槽控制台缘丘滩相带展布,东侧台缘相区沿南江西-元坝-阆中-高磨-栗子一带呈近南北向展布,西侧台缘相区沿威远-成都-都江堰一带呈向东凸出的弧状分布,开江-宣汉水下古隆起周缘及局部微地貌高地有利于台内丘滩大面积分布;(3)灯影组储层主要发育台缘丘滩储层及台内丘滩改造型储层,优质储层发育受高能相带、准同生期及桐湾期岩溶改造联合控制. 四川盆地灯四段发育元坝-阆中灯影组台缘、川西-栗子灯影组台缘、通南巴-普光-綦江灯影组台内3个有利勘探区,是近期灯四段深层-超深层勘探领域油气突破的重要战略新区带.Abstract: There are many divergences on the sedimentary pattern and reservoir development types of of the Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin. In order to provide support for oil and gas exploration of Dengying Formation in the basin, the sedimentary pattern and multi type reservoir development characteristics of Dengying Formation are studied by using the field profile, drilling and seismic data. The controlling factors of high⁃quality reservoir development are defined, and the favorable areas for exploration breakthrough are pointed out. This study indicated that (1) Controlled by Mianyang⁃Changning rift trough, Hannan ancient land and Kaijiang⁃Xuanhan ancient uplift, Dengying Formation developed four favorable facies which are mound beach on the platform edge and mound beach in the platform. (2) The development of favorable dune and shoal facies belt in the fourth member of Dengying Formation is controlled by uplift depression pattern. Distribution of dune shoal facies belt on the console margin of rift trough. The platform margin facies area in the east is distributed in the Nanjiang⁃Yuanba⁃Gaomo⁃Lizi area. The platform margin facies area in the west is distributed in the Weiyuan⁃Chengdu⁃Dujiangyan area. The surrounding area of underwater paleo uplift and local micro geomorphic highland are favorable for the large⁃scale distribution of hills and beaches in the platform. (3) The reservoir of the fourth member of Dengying Formation is mainly developed in the platform margin mound bank reservoir and the shaol reformed reservoir. The development of high⁃quality reservoirs is jointly controlled by high⁃energy facies belt, quasi syngenetic period and Tongwan period karst transformation. There are three favorable exploration areas in the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin: Yuanba⁃Langzhong Dengying Formation platform margin, Western Sichuan⁃Lizi Dengying Formation platform margin and Tongnanba⁃Puguang⁃Qijiang Dengying Formation platform. The three exploration areas are the important strategic new zones of oil and gas breakthrough in the deep ultra deep exploration field of the fourth member of Dengying Formation
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图 4 四川盆地灯影组沉积演化模式图
格局线方向见图 3
Fig. 4. Sedimentary evolution model of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin
图 5 陕西宁强胡家坝剖面灯四段台缘丘滩亚相沉积特征图(据段金宝等,2019修改)
Fig. 5. Sedimentary characteristics of platform margin mound and shoal subfacies in the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Hujiaba section(modified from Duan et al., 2019)
图 7 四川盆地灯四段沉积及储层特征特征图
a. 陕西宁强胡家坝,裂陷槽边缘丘滩相,微生物岩发育,丘型建造,块状堆积,孔洞发育;b. 陕西宁强胡家坝,裂陷槽边缘丘滩相,藻凝块云岩,镜下见典型凝块结构,指示水体能量较强;c. 陕西宁强胡家坝,裂陷槽边缘丘滩相,藻叠层云岩,镜下见波状叠层结构,指示水体能量较强;d. YS1井,8 610 m,台缘丘滩,藻凝块云岩,藻格架孔发育,被沥青、白云石半-全充填;e. YS1井,8 644 m,台缘丘滩,藻叠层云岩,藻格架孔发育,被沥青、石英、白云石全充填;f. RT1井,8 130 m,台内丘滩,细-粉晶云岩,晶间溶孔发育;g. RT1井,台内丘滩相,藻砂屑云岩,具藻黏连结构,见溶蚀孔洞;h. RT1井,台内丘滩相,藻砂屑云岩,见溶蚀孔洞;i. RT1井,8 129.62 m,台内丘滩相,藻砂屑云岩,见溶蚀孔洞;j. 广元陈家乡,斜坡相,含云泥岩,微生物岩不发育;k. 林庵寺,斜坡相,深灰色-灰黑色块状硅质岩;l. 平武金凤,陆棚相,灯影组顶部未见岩溶改造,岩性为硅质岩夹白云岩;m. 广元东溪河,斜坡-陆棚相,灯影组上部发育硅质角砾岩滑塌沉积
Fig. 7. Sedimentary characteristics of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin
图 12 四川盆地灯四段岩溶特征图
a. CS1井,8 159.26~8 159.87 m,藻凝块、藻砂屑云岩夹泥粉晶云岩,溶蚀具有层控性及组构选择性,孔洞主要发育在微生物岩段,泥粉晶云岩段溶蚀不发育;b. 广元胡家坝,藻叠层云岩,顺藻类溶蚀;c. 广元胡家坝,藻凝块、藻砂屑云岩,花斑状溶蚀系统,孔洞发育;d. CS1井,8 159.51 m,碳酸盐岩砂和塑性角砾充填溶洞;e. 广元胡家坝,镜下溶蚀具有明显分带性,呈基岩带-半离解带-溶蚀孔洞带过渡特征,具“易碎晕”结构,单偏光;f. 旺苍鼓城,灯影组顶部见3~4 m铁质风化壳,风化壳底部溶蚀孔洞发育;g. 旺苍鼓城,风化壳2之下20 m处,溶蚀缝洞系统发育;h. JS1井,3 755 m,藻云岩、细-粉晶云岩,不规则溶洞发育
Fig. 12. Dissolution characteristics of the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地灯四段有利勘探区评价表
Table 1. Evaluation of favorable exploration areas in the fourth member of Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin
有利勘探区 元坝-阆中 川西-栗子 通南巴-普光-綦江 沉积环境 陡坡台缘带 缓坡台缘带 局限台地 储层类型 台缘储层 台缘储层 台内丘滩溶蚀改造储层 岩性特征 藻凝块、藻叠层、藻砂屑云岩 藻凝块、藻砂屑、细粉晶云岩 藻凝块、藻纹层、砂屑、泥粉晶云岩 储集空间 藻格架孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔、
顺藻类孔洞藻格架孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、不规则溶洞 物性特征 4.58%/0.017 5 mD 4.31%/0.011 3 mD 4.07/0.000 379 mD 成岩改造 强早成岩期组构选择性溶蚀、强云化、弱海底胶结 强早成岩期组构选择性溶蚀、强云化、弱海底胶结 中强早成岩期组构选择性溶蚀、强不整合溶蚀、强云化改造、中强海底胶结 储层厚度 50~180 m 30~100 m 20~50 m 烃源岩 好/侧向供烃 较好/侧向供烃 中等/倒灌供烃 成藏模式 棚生缘储 汇聚调整 综合评价 一类有利勘探区 二类有利勘探区 -
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