Quantitative Representation and Influencing Factors to Landscape Maturity of Danxia Landscape: A Case Study in Mount Danxiashan, Guangdong Province
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摘要: 地貌发育的定量化研究对于深化丹霞地貌的基础研究和多学科融合具有重要意义，而地貌指数可以用于评估区域构造活动及地貌演化，定量指示地貌发育程度，有助于理解丹霞地貌的发育过程及控制因素. 因此，以广东丹霞山世界地质公园为研究区，基于TecDEM工具箱移动窗口方法选择窗口大小并计算面积高程积分（HI）、地表粗糙度（SR）和地表指数（SI）这3种地貌指数. 丹霞山移动窗口边长可选择900 m，由此计算的丹霞组HI集中于0.22~0.47，SR和SI分别集中在1.05~1.14和-0.37~-0.11，SR和SI呈显著的负相关，且高SR和低SI多在赤壁丹崖景观一带分布，表明丹霞山的地貌发育程度整体较高，与学者定义的丹霞山地貌发育阶段相符. 分析地貌指数与断裂、地层和河流的定量关系可知：HI值及SR值随着与断裂两侧距离的增大而逐渐下降；锦石岩段的HI值集中于0.29~0.48，在丹霞组中最高，巴寨段及白寨顶段较低；河流两侧的白寨顶段显示出较高的HI值（> 0.24），而巴寨段具有较低的HI值，显示其在构造分布和河流的共同作用下呈现较明显的侧蚀.Abstract: Quantitative research of geomorphic evolution is of great significance to further study the theorical research and multi-disciplinary integration of Danxia landscape. Geomorphic indices, which play an important role on evaluating regional tectonic activity and geomorphic evolution as well as quantitatively indicating landscape maturity, are advantageous to understand the evolution process and controlling factors of Danxia landscape. Therefore, in this study, the Mount Danxiashan, located in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, was taken as study area, and suitable moving window sizes as well as three geomorphic which are Hypsometric Integral (HI), Surface Roughness (SR) and Surface Index (SI) were calculated based on the open-source TecDEM toolbox. The 900 meters was chosen as moving window size for calculating geomorphic indices. The HI values distribution of Danxia Formation concentrates in 0.22 to 0.47, as well as the ones of SR values and SI values concentrate in 1.04 to 1.14 and -0.37 to -0.11, respectively. There is an apparent negative correlation between SR values and SI values, and high SR values with low SI values usually distribute around Danxia redcliff landscape. The relatively high landscape maturity indicated by this study is compatible with scholars' views about the evolution stage of Mount Danxiashan. The quantitative relation between geomorphic indices and fault activities, lithology and fluvial erosion shows that HI and SR values decrease with the increasing distance from faults. The HI values of Jinshiyan Member concentrates in 0.29to 0.48, which is the highest of ones in Danxia Formation, in contrast to relatively low values of Bazhai Member and Baizhaiding Member. Moreover, the relatively high HI values (> 0.24) appears in Baizhaiding Member while the relatively low HI values appears in Bazhai Member located on sides of stream, indicating distinct lateral erosion with the combined action of tectonic condition and fluvial process.
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Key words:
- Danxia landscape /
- TecDEM toolbox /
- moving window /
- geomorphic indices /
- quantitative research /
- geomorthology
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图 1 丹霞山世界地质公园区域地质简图
广东省地质局2000年绘制. 参考张显球（1992）和Chen et al.，（2022）修改
Fig. 1. Brief geological map of Danxiashan UGGp
图 2 丹霞山区域地表高程分布
AW3D30，下载自JAXA的ALOS全球数字地表模型平台（
https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/dataset/aw3d30/aw3d30_e.htm ）Fig. 2. Elevation distribution of Danxiashan UGGp
图 3 丹霞山地貌发育程度定量指示技术路线图
Fig. 3. Technology roadmap of quantitative representation to landscape maturity of Mount Danxiashan
图 4 TecDEM移动窗口计算原理
参考Andreani et al.（2014）和Obaid and Allen（2017）修改
Fig. 4. Calculation principle of moving window in TecDEM
图 5 基于300 m、900 m、1 500 m移动窗口计算的丹霞组HI（a）、SR（b）和SI（c）指数结果
Fig. 5. HI(a), SR(b) and SI(c) values of Danxia Formation based on moving window with the size of 300 m, 900 m and 1 500 m
图 6 丹霞山HI计算结果图（a）及HI值分布图（b）
Fig. 6. HI value map (a) and distribution (b) of Mount Danxiashan
图 7 丹霞山SR计算结果图（a）及SR值分布图（b）
Fig. 7. SR value map (a) and distribution (b) of Mount Danxiashan
图 8 丹霞山SI计算结果图（a）及SI值分布图（b）
Fig. 8. SI value map (a) and distribution (b) of Mount Danxiashan
图 9 丹霞山主要断裂多重环形缓冲区及其地貌指数提取结果
以300 m内缓冲区为例展示. 以韶关-仁化断裂为界，盆地西侧及东侧断裂缓冲区的地貌指数提取结果如c和d所示
Fig. 9. Geomorphic indices of multiple ring buffers of main faults in Mount Danxiashan
图 10 丹霞山HI（a）、SR（b）、SI（c）计算结果图和丹霞组HI值分布图
Fig. 10. HI (a), SR (b) and SI (c) values map of Mount Danxiashan and HI values distribution of Danxia Formation
图 11 丹霞山局部区域HI和SR提取结果对比
Fig. 11. Comparison to HI and SR values of local area in Mount Danxiashan
图 12 丹霞山流经第四系主要河流的沿岸地势
三维展示图纵向拉伸2倍以便于显示
Fig. 12. Terrain along main rivers which traverse quaternary system in Mount Danxiashan
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