Quantitative Restoration of Eroded Carbonate Strata Thickness by Milankovitch Cycle: A Case Study of Ordovician Strata in Lunnan Paleo⁃Uplift, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 剥蚀量定量恢复对盆地构造研究意义重大.以塔里木盆地轮南古隆起奥陶系一间房-鹰山组为例，通过钍钾比（Th/K）曲线的米兰科维奇旋回分析定量恢复碳酸盐岩地层剥蚀量，取得3项认识：（1）一间房-鹰山组米兰科维奇旋回特征清晰，较长偏心率周期（413 ka、125 ka）不发育，短偏心率周期（95 ka）、斜度周期、岁差周期较为发育.（2）一间房-鹰山组发育86个短偏心率周期旋回，通过对比剥蚀区与内幕区短偏心率周期旋回数量差异，定量恢复8口井剥蚀量.（3）一间房-鹰山组剥蚀区位于H6⁃TS2⁃TS1⁃LG36井以北，存在西北部、北部两个剥蚀中心，剥蚀量分别超过300 m和250 m. 研究成果证实米兰科维奇旋回分析可实现碳酸盐岩地层剥蚀量定量恢复，对海相盆地古构造恢复具有良好的借鉴意义.Abstract: It is of great significance to quantitatively restore eroded strata for tectonic study in a basin. In this paper, through spectral analysis of the ln (Th/K) curve, an indicator of climate variation resulting from Milankovitch cycles, the eroded strata of Ordovician Yijianfang and Yingshan formations are quantitatively restored on Lunnan paleo⁃uplift of Tarim Basin. The following three results are concluded: (1)Milankovitch cycles are characterized by undeveloped longer eccentricity period (413 ka, 125 ka), well developed short eccentricity period of 95 ka, slope period and precession period in Yijianfang and Yingshan formations. (2) There are 86 short eccentricity periods developed in Yijianfang and Yingshan formations. Erosion thicknesses in 8 wells are restored quantitively by comparing the amount of Milankovitch cycles in short eccentricity period in denudation zones and inside strata. (3)Distributed in the north of well zone H6⁃TS2⁃TS1⁃LG36, the denudation zones include northwestern and northern centers, with an erosion thickness of over 300 m and 250 m respectively. It is approved that Milankovitch cycle analysis is a proxy for quantitative restoration of eroded carbonate strata and provide insight for paleo⁃structures restoration in marine carbonate basins.
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图 1 轮南古隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶面构造图与骨干地震剖面
a.轮南古隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩顶面时间构造图；b.过研究区东西向地震剖面（剖面位置见图 1a）；c.过研究区北西-南东向地震剖面（剖面位置见图 1a）；∈. 寒武系底；O. 奥陶系底；O3t. 上奥陶统吐木休克组底；S. 志留系底；C. 石炭系底；P. 二叠系底；T. 三叠系底；J. 侏罗系底；K. 白垩系底；E. 古近系底
Fig. 1. Tectonic unit division of Tabei uplift and location map of the study area
图 2 AD16井ln(Th/K)曲线与频谱分析结果
a. ln（Th/K）曲线与最大熵频谱；b. 与中奥陶世固有周期的对应关系
Fig. 2. ln (Th / K) curve and spectrum analysis results of well AD16
图 3 内幕区一间房-鹰山组ln(Th/K)小波变换频谱曲线
横坐标频率表示单位厚度内地层旋回变化的次数，即厚度为1 m的一段地层中所包含的旋回个数；纵坐标为“功率”或“能量”；a. H6井；b. TS1井；c. TS2井；d. LG36井
Fig. 3. ln (Th/K) wavelet transform spectrum of Yijianfang Yingshan formation in inner area
图 4 剥蚀区一间房-鹰山组米兰科维奇旋回分析
a.QG5井；b. YQ5井；c. AD16井；d. YQ6井；e. LS2井；f. S88井
Fig. 4. Milankovitch cycle analysis of Yijianfang Yingshan formation in denudation area
图 5 研究区一间房-鹰山组地层剥蚀量平面图
Fig. 5. plan of stratum denudation amount of Yijianfang Yingshan formation in the study area
图 6 研究区中下奥陶统残余厚度图
Fig. 6. Residual thickness map of middle and lower Ordovician in the study area
图 7 关键构造期轮南古隆起分布图
a. 晚奥陶世；b. 晚泥盆-早石炭世
Fig. 7. Distribution map of Lunnan paleo⁃uplift in key tectonic period
表 1 中奥陶世米兰科维奇旋回周期及相互之间比例关系（据Berger et al., 1992）
Table 1. Middle Ordovician milankovic cycle cycle cycle and its proportional relationship (according to Berger et al., 1992)
基准周期 偏心率周期（ka） 斜度周期（ka） 岁差周期（ka） 413.000(E3) 125.000(E2) 95.000(E1) 36.578(O2) 30.134(O1) 19.131(P2) 16.263（P1） 比值 1.000 0.303 0.230 0.089 0.073 0.046 0.039 - 1.000 0.760 0.293 0.241 0.153 0.130 - - 1.000 0.385 0.317 0.201 0.171 - - - 1.000 0.814 0.517 0.440 - - - - 1.000 0.635 0.540 
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表 2 内幕区一间房-鹰山组米兰科维奇旋回厚度计算
Table 2. Calculation of Milankovitch cycle thickness of Yijianfang Yingshan formation in inner area
井名 类别 旋回厚度(m) 偏心率周期(ka) 斜度周期(ka) 岁差周期(ka) 413 125 95 36.578 30.134 19.131 16.263 (E3) (E2) (E1) (O2) (O1) (P2) (P1) H6 厚度 8.40 3.19 2.72 1.67 1.48 比值 1 0.380 0.320 0.200 0.176 误差 0 1.36% -2.15% 1.09% -3.04% TS1 厚度 10.96 4.24 3.92 2.23 1.88 比值 1 0.386 0.350 0.203 0.172 误差 0 -0.20% -4.00% -0.20% -0.10% TS2 厚度 10 3.92 3.31 1.92 1.75 比值 1 0.392 0.330 0.192 0.175 误差 0 -1.86% -4.28% 4.33% -2.59% LG36 厚度 7.55 2.79 2.40 1.54 1.28 比值 1 0.370 0.318 0.205 0.170 误差 0 3.93% -0.20% -1.76% 0.70%
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表 3 剥蚀区一间房-鹰山组米兰科维奇旋回厚度计算表
Table 3. Calculation of Milankovitch cycle thickness of Yijianfang Yingshan formation in denudation area
井名 类别 旋回厚度(m) 偏心率周期(ka) 斜度周期(ka) 岁差周期(ka) 413 125 95 36.578 30.134 19.131 16.263 (E3) (E2) (E1) (O2) (O1) (P2) (P1) QG5 厚度 9.04 3.35 2.88 1.79 1.55 比值 1 0.371 0.319 0.198 0.171 误差 0 3.53% -0.63% 1.26% -0.03% YQ5 厚度 11.70 4.44 3.82 2.38 2.03 比值 1 0.378 0.325 0.203 0.173 误差 0 1.72% -2.70% -0.94% -1.07% AD16 厚度 10.00 4.06 3.37 2.08 1.77 比值 1 0.403 0.335 0.206 0.176 误差 0 -4.68% -5.72% -2.85% -2.86% YQ6 厚度 13.14 5.07 4.08 2.67 2.26 比值 1 0.386 0.310 0.203 0.172 误差 0 -0.10% 0.70% -0.20% -0.10% LS2 厚度 10.50 3.97 3.55 2.10 1.85 比值 1 0.377 0.337 0.199 0.176 误差 0 1.90% -6.40% 0.80% -2.90% S88 厚度 10.40 3.97 3.30 2.12 1.79 比值 1 0.381 0.316 0.204 0.172 误差 0 1% 0.20% -1.50% -0.70% YQ4 厚度 41.35 9.60 3.76 3.10 1.89 1.59 比值 1 0.391 0.323 0.197 0.166 误差 0 -1.50% -1.90% 1.90% 2.90% LX4 厚度 13.40 5.20 4.19 2.75 1.98 比值 1 0.388 0.313 0.205 0.148 误差 0 -0.80% 1.30% 2.00% 13.40%
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