Structural Characteristics and Genesis of Opposite Detachment Type Composite Sag in Middle of Zhu Ⅱ Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 南海北部陆缘深水区始新世多发育单向拆离断层，而珠二坳陷中部处于珠江口盆地珠二与珠一、珠三坳陷衔接带的南倾单一拆离断裂与北倾多级拆离断裂系交汇区，形成特有的“对向拆离型复合洼陷”，然而其结构特征及成因机制有待深入研究.基于最新高精度全覆盖三维地震数据和始新世全序列钻井数据，恢复始新世关键地质时期（T80/T83）洼陷构造地貌为窄深分隔型至宽浅汇聚型转换格局，沉积中心从两侧近源陡坡带向中央带拆离迁移，对向断裂交汇区隆升断块沿东西向长轴展布；构造演化序列揭示出对向拆离断裂系启动于始新世关键构造变革期（T83~43 Ma），响应远程太平洋板块俯冲方向的变化，区内地壳在伸展应力的作用下拆离减薄，拆离断面之上广泛发生断块翘倾与差异隆升现象，从而接受剥蚀成为动态源区，同时伴生强烈岩浆活动，重塑了对向分布的箕状断陷结构，形成对向拆离区内长轴动态供给模型.厘定对向拆离型复合洼陷长轴动态源区与沉积中心时空配置，可为深水区始新世裂陷期优质烃-储组合预测提供有力支撑.Abstract: In deep water area of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, unidirectional detachment faults were mostly developed in the Eocene, and the middle part of the Zhu Ⅱ depression was located in the intersection area of the south dip single detachment fault and the north dip multistage detachment fault system in the junction zone of Zhu-2 and Zhu-1 and Zhu-3 depressions of the Pearl River Mouth basin, forming a unique "opposite detachment type composite sag". However, its structural characteristics and cause of formation need to be further studied. Based on the latest high-precision 3D seismic data and the complete Eocene drilling data, the tectonic geomorphology of the T80/T83 depression in the key geological period of Eocene is restored to be a narrow and deep separated type to a wide and shallow converging type. The depositional center migrated from the near source steep slope to the central zone on both sides, and the uplift fault block in the intersection area of the opposite faults distributed along the east-west long axis. The tectonic evolution sequence reveals that the opposite detachment fault system started in the key tectonic transformation period of Eocene (T83-43 Ma). In response to the change of the subduction direction of the remote Pacific plate, the crust in the region was detached and thinned under the action of extensional stress. The fault block tilting and differential uplift occurred on the detachment section, and thus became a dynamic source region receiving denuding. At the same time, strong magmatic activity was generated. The dustpan-like fault depression with opposite distribution was reconstructed and the long-axis dynamic supply model in the opposite detachment area was formed. The determination of the spatio-temporal configuration of the long-axis dynamic source area and depositional center of the opposite detachment type composite depression is helpful to serve the prediction of high-quality hydrocarbon reservoir assemblage during the Eocene rift in the deepwater area.
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图 1 珠二坳陷中部构造位置图(a)、构造纲要图(b)及珠江口盆地层序地层综合柱状图(c)
Fig. 1. Structural location map (a) and structural outline map (b) of the middle of the Zhu Ⅱ depression and sequence stratigraphy comprehensive bar chart of the Pearl River Mouth basin(c)
图 2 珠二坳陷中部“对向拆离型复合洼陷”三维地震剖面构造解释图
a.开平凹陷南倾拆离体系；b.番禺25洼南倾-北倾复合拆离体系；c.白云3洼北倾拆离体系（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 2. Structural interpretation diagram of 3D seismic profile of "opposite detachment type composite sag" in the middle of Zhu Ⅱ depression
图 3 云开低凸起中生代基底NEE向先存断裂(a)、番禺低隆起中生代基底EW-NWW向先存断裂(b)以及珠二坳陷中部基底高程图(c)
Fig. 3. NEE and EW-NWW preexisting faults of Mesozoic basement in Yunkai low uplift (a) and Panyu low uplift (b) and basement elevation map in the middle of Zhu Ⅱ depression (c)
图 5 珠二坳陷中部基底韧性地壳顶界面T0图
Fig. 5. T0 diagram of the top interface of the basement ductile crust in the middle of Zhu Ⅱ depression
图 6 珠二坳陷中部中下地壳隆升剖面
a.白云3洼北倾拆离体系；b.开平凹陷南倾拆离体系
Fig. 6. Middle and lower crust uplift profile in the middle of Zhu Ⅱ depression
图 7 珠二坳陷中部典型火成岩地震相剖面与钻井标定(a)以及始新世火山机构平面展布图(b)
Fig. 7. Typical igneous seismic facies profile and drilling calibration(a) and planar layout of volcanic structures in in the middle of Zhu Ⅱ depression in Eocene(b)
图 8 珠二坳陷中部始新世对向拆离作用演化模型
a.下文昌脆性张裂期；b.上文昌韧性拆离期
Fig. 8. Evolution model of antidirectional detachment during Wenchang period in the middle of Zhu Ⅱ depression in Eocene
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