(U⁃Th)/He定年及影响因素研究进展

杨莉; 杨静; 田鹏; 施炜; 李肖

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2023.079

(U⁃Th)/He定年及影响因素研究进展

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.079

杨莉^{1, 2, 3, ,},
杨静^{1, 2, , ,},
田鹏⁴,
施炜^{1, 2},
李肖⁵

1.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 1000812
2.
自然资源部活动构造与地质安全重点实验室, 北京 1000813
3.
中国地质大学科学研究院, 北京 1000834
4.
云南省地震局, 云南昆明 6502245
5.
山东黄金地质矿产勘查有限公司, 山东烟台 261400

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41873063

国家自然科学基金项目 92062217

国家自然科学基金项目 42241161

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20221644

2021年度中国地质大学（北京）研究生创新资助项目 YB2021YC021

详细信息

作者简介:
杨莉（1987-），女，博士，主要从事低温热年代学方法及应用研究. ORCID：0000-0001-5168-3591. E-mail：Yangli0211luck@126.com

通讯作者:
杨静，ORCID: 0000-0002-7828-1055. E-mail: yangjing_822822@163.com

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-16
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

The Research Advances of (U-Th)/He Dating and Influencing Factors

Yang Li^{1, 2, 3
,
,},
Yang Jing^{1, 2
, ,
,},
Tian Peng⁴,
Shi Wei^{1, 2},
Li Xiao⁵

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming 650224, China
5.
Shandong Gold Geology and Mineral Exploration Co., Ltd., Yantai 261400, China

摘要

摘要: （U-Th）/He同位素定年以其低温敏感性（70 ℃）为造山带隆升‒剥蚀速率的时空格架构建、油气成藏时间约束、沉积盆地埋藏历史恢复、矿床剥蚀保存研究及古地形地貌重塑等提供了精确的时间‒温度演变模型，应用前景广阔.理解矿物封闭温度、内部结构、⁴He扩散机制、铀‒钍分带效应等是（U-Th）/He数据解释的核心所在.本文详尽论述了（U-Th）/He技术研究，包括测年适宜对象及在不同地质领域的应用、测试方法的发展及标准矿物结果、着重归纳了造成年龄偏差的因素，并简述了主要矿物的辐射损伤机制.研究表明，我国（U-Th）/He定年技术从非稀释剂法测定发展至单颗粒激光熔融技术，再延续到准分子激光剥蚀系统RESOlution下的原位微区双定年技术，FCT锆石、Durango磷灰石及蓬莱锆石的测定结果与国际标定年龄在误差范围内一致，并自主开发了MK-1磷灰石标样，目前该技术已相对成熟.能有效保存⁴He的多数铀‒钍副矿物均可成为适宜定年对象，本文总结了有效规避矿物包裹体、矿物粒径、α粒子射出及植入效应、成分环带等影响因素的策略，可为国内学者在（U-Th）/He数据解释中提供帮助和参考.
- (U-Th)/He /
- 影响因素 /
- 磷灰石 /
- 锆石 /
- 地球化学 /
- 同位素
Abstract: (U-Th)/He isotopic dating with its low-temperature sensitivity (70 ℃), provides an accurate time-temperature evolution model for the construction of temporal-spatial framework of uplift and denudation rates in orogenic belts, temporal constraints on hydrocarbon formation, recovery of burial history in sedimentary basins, the study of denudation and preservation of mineral deposits, and reconstruction of paleotopography and geomorphology, with promising applications. Understanding mineral closure temperatures, internal structure, ⁴He diffusion mechanisms, and uranium-thorium zoning effects are keys to interpreting (U-Th)/He data. A detailed discussion of (U-Th)/He technical studies is presented, including the appropriate target minerals and different geological applications for dating, the development of test methods and standard references, a focus on the factors that contribute to age bias, and a brief description of the radiation damage mechanisms for the major minerals. Research has shown that China's (U-Th)/He dating technology has advanced significantly, progressing from the non-dilution method to the single-particle laser fusion technique, and subsequently to the in-situ micro-area dual dating method using the RESOlution excimer laser ablation system. Measurement results from FCT zircon, Durango apatite, and Penglai zircon align closely with international calibration ages, falling within the expected margin of error. Moreover, an MK-1 apatite standard sample has been developed independently, indicating the maturity of the technology. Most of the uranium-thorium bearing minerals that have effectively preserved ⁴He can be suitable objects for dating. A summary of strategies to effectively avoid the effects of mineral inclusions, mineral grain size, α-particle ejection and implantation effects, and compositional ring-banding can help Chinese scholars interpret (U-Th)/He data.
- (U-Th)/He /
- influencing factors /
- apatite /
- zircon /
- geochemistry /
- isotopes

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图 1 蓬莱锆石（a）、MK-1磷灰石（b）、FCT锆石（c）及Limberg t3凝灰岩（d）(U-Th)/He年龄与²³²Th/²³⁸U比值的关系

Fig. 1. (U-Th)/He age versus ²³²Th/²³⁸U ratio of PengLai zircons (a), MK-1 apatite (b), FCT zircons (c) and Limberg t3 tuff (d)

CAGS. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences；CEA. China Earthquake Administration；IGGCAS. Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences；CU. Curtin University

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图 2 Durango磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄与 ²³²Th/²³⁸U比值的关系

Fig. 2. (U-Th)/He age versus ²³²Th/²³⁸U ratio of Durango apatite

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图 3 磷灰石包裹体粒径变化对矿物中⁴He贡献趋势(根据Vermeesch et al., 2007 修改)

Fig. 3. Apatite inclusions effect on the contribution of ⁴He trendgram (after Vermeesch et al., 2007)

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图 4 F_T校正系数与磷灰石宽度变化关系(修自Farley, 2002；Ehlers and Farley, 2003)

Fig. 4. Correspondence between α-particle correction factor and width of apatite crystal (after Farley, 2000; Ehlers and Farley, 2003)

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图 5 α粒子射出和植入效应示意

图a以磷灰石晶体紧邻锆石晶体为例，磷灰石颗粒边缘为高U、Th成分区，Z-Z’标记为横断面；图b表示横断面Z-Z’处磷灰石内⁴He的分布；图c表示在α粒子射出效应及周围锆石⁴He植入作用下的磷灰石晶体内⁴He重新分布情况；据Chew and Spikings（2015）修改

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of α-particle ejection and implantation

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图 6 磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄和等效U浓度关系

图b为磨蚀掉磷灰石最外层20 μm厚包壳，据Spiegel et al.（2009）修改

Fig. 6. Apatite (U-Th)/He date-eU correlations for single-grain analyses

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图 7 四方晶系模型的环带宽度变化与⁴He保留性相关关系简化图(据Hourigan et al., 2005)

Fig. 7. Zoning-dependent bulk retentivity plots for tetragonal model crystals with rims (concentration step functions) of variable width and degree of enrichment or depletion (after Hourigan et al., 2005)

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图 8 不同粒径矿物边缘富集/亏损U、Th的球形晶体对(U-Th)/He年龄准确度的影响关系(据Hourigan et al., 2005 修改)

Fig. 8. He age bias plots for spherical model crystals with rims (concentration step functions) of variable thickness and degree of enrichment or depletion (after Hourigan et al., 2005)

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图 9 辐射损伤对⁴He扩散动力学的影响示意(据Shuster et al., 2006)

r为穿过半径为a的球面距离，r/a=1对应于晶体表面位置，He_f表示未损伤晶体内射出的He原子，He_t为损伤位置上被俘获的He原子，E_a为通过晶体内完全没有辐射损伤区域的体扩散活化能，E_t是氦原子克服晶格缺陷阻力逃离未损伤区域所需能量

Fig. 9. Schematic model of the influence of radiation-damage traps on ⁴He diffusion (after Shuster et al., 2006)

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图 10 不同等效铀浓度对应的Durango磷灰石的封闭温度及(U-Th)/He年龄变化(据Shuster et al., 2006 修改)

Fig. 10. Closure temperature (T_c) for Durango apatite and grains with varying eU concentrations (after Shuster et al., 2006)

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图 11 人工辐照磷灰石和天然磷灰石扩散参数对比(据Shuster and Farley, 2009)

Fig. 11. Kinetic parameters of natural and artificially irradiated samples (after Shuster and Farley, 2009)

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图 12 常见热历史路径及对应的年龄‒等效U浓度预测关系(据Guenthner et al., 2013)

Fig. 12. Model predictions of date-eU correlations for various thermal histories (after Guenthner et al., 2013)

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图 13 榍石、锆石封闭温度随a损伤剂量变化趋势图（a）；榍石、锆石的损伤积累时间(Ma)、a剂量以及eU变化关系图（b）（Baughman et al., 2017）

Fig. 13. T_c (℃) versus estimated alpha dose (a×10¹⁶/g) for titanites and zircon (a); accumulation time (Ma) versus alpha dose (a×10¹⁶/g) for titanite and zircon of variable eU (b) (modified from Baughman et al., 2017)

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表 1 不同矿物(U⁃Th)/He封闭温度总结

Table 1. Compilation of different minerals (U-Th)/He closure temperatures

矿物	封闭温度（℃）	参考文献
磷灰石	75（冷却速率为10 ℃ /Ma）	Wolf et al., 1996
	80~90	Crowley et al., 2002
	88±5	Chang et al., 2012
	72	van Soest et al., 2011
	62（粒径60 μm）	Flowers et al., 2009
	69	Farley, 2000
氯磷灰石	18（冷却速率0.3℃/Ma）	Min et al., 2013
锆石	175~195（冷却速率10 ℃/Ma）	Reiners et al., 2002 ; Tagami et al., 2003
	> 200	蔡长娥等，2020b
	144~216（冷却速率为10℃/Ma）	喻顺等，2019
独居石	206±24、230±4、286±13	Boyce and Hodges, 2005
	224	Farley and Stockli, 2002
	262~291	Peterman et al., 2014
磷钇矿	35~75	Anderson et al., 2019
	115	Farley and Stockli, 2002
	190	Farley, 2007
榍石	220~190	Reiners and Farley, 1999
榍石	100~180	Stockli and Farley, 2004
金红石	220~235	Stockli et al., 2007
	180~200	Crowhurst et al., 2002
	155~159	Robinson et al., 2019
石榴石	200~300	Seman et al., 2014
石榴石	590~630	Dunai and Roselieb, 1996
萤石	60±5	Evans et al., 2005
	200	Pi et al., 2005
	169~46	Wolff et al., 2016
磁铁矿	~250±50	Blackburn et al., 2007
赤铁矿	140~240	Evenson et al., 2014
赤铁矿	178~218	Lippolt et al., 1993
方解石	60~80	Copeland et al., 2007
牙形石	60~70（冷却速率为10 ℃/Ma）	Peppe and Reiners, 2007
	50~90	Bidgoli et al., 2018
	60~67	蔡长娥等，2020a
陨磷钙钠石	94~112（冷却速率为0.3~2.6 ℃/Ma）	Min et al., 2013
尖晶石	200~300	Cooperdock and Stockli, 2018
斜锆石	450~500	Metcalf and Flowers, 2013
钙钛矿	> 300	Stanley and Flowers, 2016
橄榄石	697	Hart, 1984
橄榄石	648	Trull and Kurz, 1993
单斜辉石	456	Trull and Kurz, 1993
白云母	41	Lippolt and Weigel, 1988
透长石	52
角闪石	79~106
普通辉石	94
霞石	152
无水钾镁矾	87
绿帘石	63	Nicolescu and Reiners, 2005

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表 2 蓬莱锆石同位素年龄统计

Table 2. Isotopic age of Penglai zircon reference materials

年龄（Ma）	研究方法	资料来源
4.393±0.041	TIMS U-Pb	Li et al., 2010
4.36±0.12	SIMS U-Pb	Li et al., 2010
4.2±0.12	LA-ICP-MS U-Pb	Chew et al., 2014
4.3±0.2		Crowley et al., 2014
4.1±0.2		Yu et al., 2010
4.2±0.1 2		Petrus and Kamber, 2012
PL1: 4.29±0.03 PL2: 3.95±0.05	LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb	Yu et al., 2020
PL1: 4.12±0.10 PL2 : 3.07±0.25	(U-Th)/He	Yu et al., 2020
4.06±0.35	(U-Th)/He	Li et al., 2017

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表 3 (U⁃Th)/He测年主要矿物中各放射性元素产生α粒子的停止距离

Table 3. Mean stopping distances of α particles produced from the U、Th and Sm decay chains in several minerals used for (U-Th)/He dating

矿物	密度 (g/cm³)	平均停止距离（μm）				参考文献
矿物	密度 (g/cm³)	²³⁸U	²³⁵U	²³²Th	¹⁴⁷Sm	参考文献
磷灰石	3.20	18.81	21.80	22.25	5.93	Ketcham et al., 2011
锆石	4.65	15.55	18.05	18.43	4.76
榍石	3.53	17.46	20.25	20.68	5.47
独居石	5.26	16.18	18.74	19.11	4.98
磷钇矿	4.75	15.20	17.63	17.99	4.68
金红石	4.25	15.30	17.76	18.14	4.77
磁铁矿	5.18	13.97	16.16	16.49	4.51
赤铁矿	5.26	13.59	15.72	16.04	4.39
针铁矿	4.28	15.54	18.00	18.38	4.95
重晶石	4.50	18.14	21.05	21.50	5.54
磷灰石	--	19.68	22.63	22.46	--	Farley et al., 1996
锆石	--	16.97	19.64	19.32	--
榍石	--	18.12	21.01	20.68	--

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表 4 矿物晶体不同几何形态a1、a2适用参数

Table 4. Factors a1 and a2 for calculating fraction of He retained in crystals from the ²³⁸U and ²³²Th decay series for different assumed crystal geometries

矿物	锆石（四棱柱）		磷灰石（六棱柱）		锆石（四棱柱）
矿物	a1	a2	a1	a2	a1	a2
²³⁸U	‒4.31	4.92	‒5.13	6.78	‒4.28	4.37
²³²Th	‒5.00	6.80	‒5.9	8.99	‒4.87	5.61

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参考文献(182)

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