Provenance and Tectonic Evolution of the Middle and Lower Jurassic Strata Constraints on the Uranium Mineralization in Southwest Margin of Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘位于阿拉善地块、秦岭造山带与祁连造山带3个构造单元的交汇部位，给含铀岩系地层的物源体系和铀成矿作用研究带来一定困难.通过选取泾川研究区的直罗组和延安组砂岩进行碎屑锆石U-Pb测年和微量元素研究，分析结果显示：泾川地区直罗组砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄呈215~767 Ma和1 501~1 905 Ma；延安组砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄呈215~453 Ma、1 506~1 918 Ma和2 136~2 579 Ma.与源区同位素年代学对比认为直罗组和延安组砂岩的物源成分较为复杂，主要来自于阿拉善地块，其次来自于华北板块北缘和北祁连地区.从延安组到直罗组沉积期，祁连山和阿拉善陆块发生了快速隆升和剥蚀，为直罗组提供了物源，并且古生代和中生代侵入岩体提供物源的占比逐渐增大.研究西部靠近盆缘地区以中侏罗统砂岩层为找矿目的层，靠近盆内含矿层位逐渐变年轻.Abstract: The southwest margin of the Ordos basin is located at the intersection of the Alxa massif, the Qinling orogenic belt and the Qilian orogenic belt, which is challenging to the study of the provenance and uranium mineralization of the uranium bearing rock. This paper selects the Zhiluo Formation and Yan'an Formation sandstones in the Jingchuan area to conduct clastic zircon U-Pb dating and trace element research. The analysis results show that the clastic zircon ages of the Zhiluo Formation sandstones in Jingchuan area are 215-767 Ma and 1 501-1 905 Ma; The clastic zircon ages of Yan'an Formation sandstones are 215-453 Ma, 1 506-1 918 Ma and 2 136-2 579 Ma, respectively. Compared with the isotopic chronology of the source area, it is believed that the provenance components of the Zhiluo and Yan'an Formation sandstones are relatively complex, mainly from the Alxa block, followed by the northern margin of the North China plate and the North Qilian area. During the sedimentary period from Yan'an Formation to Zhiluo Formation, Qilian Mountain and Alxa landmass were rapidly uplifted and denuded, providing provenance for Zhiluo Formation, and the proportion of provenance provided by Paleozoic and Mesozoic intrusive rocks gradually increased. The study shows that the strata of middle Jurassic can be taken as the prospecting target strata in the west margin of basin, and the ore bearing strata near the basin gradually become younger.
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Key words:
- Ordos basin /
- Jingchuan area /
- Middle and Lower Jurassic strata /
- U-Pb ages of detrital zircons /
- provenance /
- deposits /
- tectonics
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元及研究区地质简图
Fig. 1. Geological diagram of the structural unit and study area of the Ordos basin
图 2 研究区深地孔钻孔柱状图及样品采集位置
Fig. 2. Histogram of deep hole drilling and sampling location in the study area
图 3 研究区中下侏罗统地层砂岩碎屑锆石CL图像
图中圆圈为测点位置，锆石上方为对应样品及测点号，锆石下方数值为锆石U-Pb年龄数值，单位为Ma
Fig. 3. CL image of the subordinate sandstone clastic zircon of Middle and Lower Jurassic strata in the study area
图 4 研究区砂岩碎屑锆石年龄与Th/U关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between sandstone clastic zircon age and Th/U in the study area
图 5 研究区锆石LA-ICP MS U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 5. Study area zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb age concordia diagram
图 6 研究区砂岩碎屑锆石样品年龄谱（a, b, c, d）
a.YDHSD01-2锆石年龄谱图；b. YDHSD01-4锆石年龄谱图；c. YDHSD01-6锆石年龄谱图；d. YDHSD01-8锆石年龄谱图
Fig. 6. Age spectrum of sandstone clastic zircon samples in the study area (a, b, c, d)
图 7 研究区砂岩碎屑锆石球粒陨石标准化稀土配分曲线（球粒陨石标准化值据Sun et al., 1989）
Fig. 7. Chondrite normalized REE patterns of the zircons of sandstone clastic zircon samples in the study area (chondrite normalized value after Sun et al., 1989)
图 8 研究区中侏罗统地层碎屑锆石微量元素岩性判别图解（底图根据Belousova et al., 2002修改）
Fig. 8. Lithological discriminant diagram of clastic zircon trace elements in the Zhiluo Formation of the Study Area (basemap modified according to Belousova et al., 2002)
图 9 泾川地区侏罗系下统样品岩石学特征
a.YDHSD01-2直罗组砂岩薄片镜下照片；b. YDHSD01-6延安组砂岩薄片镜下照片. Qrt. 石英；Pl. 斜长石；Bit. 黑云母
Fig. 9. Petrological characteristics of lower Jurassic samples in Jingchuan area
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地直罗组下段沉积相图（据赵俊峰等，2008修改）
Fig. 10. Sedimentary facies distribution of lower member of Zhiluo Formation in Ordos basin
图 11 研究区砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱与周缘年龄谱对比图（N为统计数）
Fig. 11. Comparison chart of U-Pb age spectrum and peripheral age spectrum of sandstone clastic zircon in the study area (N is the statistic)
图 12 鄂尔多斯西南缘中下侏罗系统构造、物源及古地貌演化模式
Fig. 12. Structural, provenance and paleogeomorphic evolution model of Lower Jurassic in the southwest margin of Ordos basin
图 13 泾川地区砂岩型铀矿含氧含铀流体与含烃流体耦合成矿模式简图（据苗培森等，2020改）
Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of coupling mineralization model of oxygen bearing uranium fluid and hydrocarbon bearing fluid in the sandstone type uranium deposit (modified by Miao et al., 2020)
表 2 泾川及周边地区直罗组下段砂岩样品轻矿物对比
Table 2. Correlation of light minerals for the lower member of Zhiluo Formation around and in the Jingchuan area
地区 层位 石英(%) 长石(%) 岩屑(%) 杂基+胶结物(%) 成熟度Q1/(F1+R1) F1/R1 惠安堡 直罗组下段 60~65 1~2 15~25 5~10 0.79~2.4 0.06~0.08 环县 直罗组下段 88~90 0.5~1.0 0.5~1.0 5~8 45~88 1 泾川 直罗组下段 75~80 5~10 1~5 3~5 5.3~12.5 2~5 崇信 直罗组下段 60~65 1~2 10~15 10~20 3.8~5.5 0.10~0.13 
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