Reconstruction of Deep-Water Nitrogen Cycle during the Late Ediacaran in South China
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摘要: 重建地质历史时期的古海洋氮循环过程有助于了解当时的海洋氧化还原状态，而目前埃迪卡拉纪晚期的海洋氮循环研究程度较低，因此对桂北泗里口和黔东南上地坪剖面开展了详细的全岩氮（δ15N）和有机碳同位素（δ13Corg）研究.结果显示，泗里口和上地坪剖面的δ15N平均值分别为（1.6±2.0）‰和（3.5±1.1）‰，总体上均表现为由老到新逐渐降低，两个剖面的δ13Corg平均值分别为（-30.0±1.4）‰和（-30.6±1.4）‰.较高的δ15N值表明该时期为硝化‒反硝化作用相耦合的好氧氮循环，海洋中存在一个稳定的硝酸盐库.研究剖面δ15N值由老到新均表现为逐渐降低，可解释为底层缺氧水体的扩张，反硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用消耗了表层水体中大量的NO3‒，刺激了固氮作用.因此，埃迪卡拉纪末期深部缺氧水体的扩张可能加剧了~542 Ma埃迪卡拉生物群的灭绝.Abstract: The reconstruction of the paleo-ocean nitrogen cycle in geological history is helpful to understanding the REDOX state of the ocean at that time, whereas the study of the Late Ediacaran marine nitrogen cycle is relatively insufficient. Here we report detailed nitrogen isotope (δ15N) and organic carbon isotopic compositions (δ13Corg) from the Silikou section in northern Guangxi and the Shangdiping section in southeastern Guizhou Province. The results show that the average values of δ15N from the Silikou section and Shangdiping section are (1.6±2.0)‰ and (3.5±1.1)‰, respectively, both of which show a gradual decrease from old to new. The mean δ13Corg values of the two sections are (-30.0±1.4)‰ and (-30.6±1.4)‰, respectively. The relatively high δ15N values indicate that there was an aerobic nitrogen cycle coupled with nitrification and denitrification, and there was a stable marine nitrate reservoir in the Late Ediacaran. The gradual decrease from old to new in δ15N may result from the expansion of deep water anoxia in which denitrification and anammox can consume a large amount of NO3‒ and stimulate nitrogen fixation. Thus, the expansion of deep anoxic water column at the end of the Ediacaran may have exacerbated the extinction of the Ediacaran biota at ~542 Ma.
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Key words:
- nitrogen isotope /
- Late Ediacaran /
- deep water facies /
- South China /
- geochemistry /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 扬子地块埃迪卡拉纪‒寒武纪转折期古地理图(据Fu et al., 2022修改)
Fig. 1. Paleogeographic map of the Yangtze Block during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition period (modified from Fu et al., 2022)
图 2 野外露头与薄片照片
a.泗里口剖面硅质岩野外照片；b.上地坪剖面硅质岩野外照片；c.泗里口剖面硅质岩镜下照片（4×10，单偏光），红色箭头指示的是有机质，深灰色，不规则；d.上地坪剖面硅质岩镜下照片（4×4，正交偏光）
Fig. 2. Field photographs and thin section photomicrographs of samples
图 3 泗里口剖面有机碳、全岩氮同位素和总碳、总氮含量及C/N比值
红点表示由于总氮含量过低，δ15N值仅供参考
Fig. 3. Profiles of δ13Corg, δ15N, TOC, TN and C/N ratios for the Silikou section
图 4 上地坪剖面有机碳、全岩氮同位素和总碳、总氮含量及C/N比值
红点表示由于总氮含量过低，δ15N值仅供参考
Fig. 4. Profiles of δ13Corg, δ15N, TOC, TN and C/N ratios for the Shangdiping section
图 5 有机碳、全岩氮同位素、TN、TOC和C/N比值的相关性
Fig. 5. Crossplots showing the relationship between δ13Corg, δ15N, TN, TOC and C/N ratios
图 6 桂北泗里口剖面老堡组FeT/Al值（a）和湘西龙鼻嘴剖面E-C过渡时期铁组分数据（b）
图a数据来自常华进等（2010b）；图b数据来自Wang et al.（2012）
Fig. 6. The FeT/Al value of Laobao Formation in Silikou section (a) and shows the Fe speciation of Longbizui section in western Hunan during the E-C transition period (b)
图 7 泗里口剖面老堡组Th/U、V/Sc和V/(V+Ni)沿剖面变化情况
图a~c中虚线分别代表横坐标数值2、7.9和0.6，数据来自Chang et al.（2012）
Fig. 7. Stratigraphic distributions of Th/U, V/Sc, and V/(V+Ni) of the Laobao in Silikou section
图 8 埃迪卡拉纪晚期南华盆地深水相区海洋氧化还原结构和氮循环示意
在Ⅰ段沉积时期，海洋较为氧化，存在一个稳定的硝酸盐库；在Ⅱ段沉积时期，缺氧水体向上扩张，海洋氮循环以固氮作用为主；图据Chen et al.（2019）修改
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of marine redox structure and nitrogen cycle in deep water facies during Late Ediacaran period on the Nanhua basin
表 1 上地坪剖面和泗里口剖面有机碳、全岩氮同位素及TOC、TN含量、C/N比值数据
Table 1. Data of δ13Corg, δ15N, TOC, TN and C/N ratios for the Shangdiping and Silikou sections
样品号 厚度（m） δ15N（‰） δ13Corg（‰） TOC（%） TN（%） C/N SDP1 2.0 2.1 ‒27.0 0.13 0.065 2.27 SDP2 2.3 2.2 ‒30.1 0.13 0.029 5.03 SDP3 2.6 2.4 ‒27.8 0.09 0.039 2.66 SDP4 8.0 ‒28.6 0.04 SDP5 9.0 (2.8) ‒29.8 0.12 0.004 36.93 SDP6 10.0 (1.0) ‒30.7 0.26 0.006 47.75 SDP7 13.0 (2.2) ‒29.6 0.05 0.004 14.57 SDP8 18.0 (5.0) ‒30.1 0.83 0.008 114.64 SDP9 22.0 ‒28.0 0.09 SDP10 22.5 (2.7) ‒32.6 0.58 0.002 292.20 SDP11 23.5 (0.5) ‒30.7 0.18 0.002 97.86 SDP12 24.5 ‒32.1 0.13 SDP13 26.0 (5.7) ‒34.2 0.23 0.003 82.79 SDP14 27.2 ‒31.5 0.17 SDP15 27.7 ‒32.3 0.13 SDP16 29.2 ‒28.5 0.06 SDP17 31.2 ‒28.4 0.04 SDP18 32.2 ‒30.2 0.06 SDP19 35.2 ‒29.3 0.07 SDP20 37.2 ‒29.4 0.08 SDP21 38.2 ‒29.5 0.08 SDP22 39.2 ‒23.3 0.35 SDP23 40.7 ‒29.8 0.10 SDP24 41.7 ‒31.3 0.08 SDP25 42.7 ‒28.9 0.05 SDP26 42.8 ‒32.7 0.16 SDP27 43.8 ‒33.2 0.45 SDP28 44.8 ‒32.7 0.66 SDP29 45.8 (4.6) ‒32.9 0.38 0.002 236.94 SDP30 46.8 ‒33.2 1.05 SDP31 47.8 ‒31.5 0.15 SDP32 48.8 ‒31.6 0.14 SDP33 49.8 ‒32.1 0.37 SDP34 51.8 ‒30.5 0.17 SDP35 53.3 ‒31.6 0.30 SDP36 55.3 ‒32.2 0.23 SDP37 58.3 (3.1) ‒31.4 0.29 0.002 148.96 SDP38 61.3 (4.0) ‒31.4 1.75 0.010 206.36 SDP39 64.3 3.6 ‒32.4 0.81 0.016 59.80 SDP40 67.3 (3.7) ‒31.6 0.54 0.007 90.96 SDP41 70.3 (5.6) ‒32.0 0.37 0.005 85.02 SDP42 73.3 (4.4) ‒32.7 0.59 0.005 132.80 SDP43 76.3 (3.7) ‒31.9 0.39 0.009 53.09 SDP44 79.3 (3.8) ‒31.1 0.35 0.011 38.79 SDP45 82.3 4.6 ‒31.8 0.66 0.018 43.88 SDP46 85.3 (4.6) ‒31.0 0.91 0.013 78.41 SDP47 88.3 (5.2) ‒31.2 0.70 0.011 77.74 SDP48 91.3 4.9 ‒29.8 0.69 0.019 41.64 SDP49 93.3 (5.6) ‒30.4 0.79 0.007 133.46 SDP50 94.3 (4.3) ‒31.4 0.97 0.015 73.54 SDP51 95.3 5.3 ‒31.0 1.19 0.026 53.86 SDP52 96.3 6.6 ‒30.2 1.65 0.025 77.78 SDP53 97.3 5.3 ‒31.4 2.47 0.025 116.28 SDP54 98.3 6.3 ‒31.4 1.26 0.018 82.45 SDP55 99.8 (5.3) ‒32.0 1.41 0.014 118.65 SDP56 100.8 4.9 ‒30.5 1.04 0.016 77.53 SDP57 101.8 4.8 ‒30.5 0.66 0.017 46.04 SDP58 102.8 4.3 ‒31.8 5.21 0.030 203.15 SDP59 103.8 5.3 ‒30.6 1.13 0.023 57.26 SDP60 104.8 (3.6) ‒31.5 0.85 0.012 80.33 SDP61 105.8 3.8 ‒30.7 1.49 0.025 68.61 SDP62 106.8 4.0 ‒30.8 1.44 0.045 37.31 SDP63 107.8 (3.3) ‒30.8 1.08 0.013 97.43 SDP64 108.8 3.3 ‒30.4 0.68 0.019 41.41 SDP65 109.8 (2.9) ‒31.0 1.51 0.012 151.70 SDP66 110.8 3.6 ‒30.4 1.00 0.017 67.94 SDP67 112.8 4.0 ‒31.1 0.82 0.025 38.50 SDP68 114.8 3.6 ‒30.9 1.34 0.020 78.20 SDP69 116.8 (3.4) ‒31.0 0.63 0.014 54.16 SDP70 117.8 3.4 ‒27.5 0.79 0.042 21.85 SDP71 118.8 3.8 ‒30.2 1.78 0.046 45.58 SDP72 119.8 3.5 ‒30.2 0.47 0.022 25.28 SDP73 120.8 3.5 ‒29.8 0.44 0.021 24.27 SDP74 121.8 (3.3) ‒30.6 1.28 0.014 107.04 SDP75 122.8 ‒30.4 0.78 SDP76 123.8 3.4 ‒30.9 0.92 0.020 52.90 SDP77 125.3 3.5 ‒30.6 0.51 0.022 27.03 SDP78 126.3 (3.4) ‒30.6 0.95 0.014 80.51 SDP79 127.3 3.8 ‒30.0 0.83 0.024 40.87 SDP80 128.3 4.1 ‒31.6 1.47 0.056 30.55 SDP81 129.3 3.9 ‒31.5 0.75 0.030 29.65 SDP82 130.3 3.5 ‒31.6 1.02 0.030 39.43 SDP83 131.3 3.3 ‒30.4 0.63 0.020 36.96 SDP84 132.3 3.2 ‒30.5 1.10 0.020 65.43 SDP85 133.3 (3.3) ‒30.5 0.76 0.014 65.70 SDP86 134.3 3.0 ‒30.6 1.12 0.024 54.69 SDP87 135.3 3.4 ‒30.4 0.34 0.023 17.74 SDP88 136.3 2.9 ‒30.3 0.75 0.023 38.32 SDP89 137.3 (3.5) ‒29.7 0.16 0.014 13.82 SDP90 138.3 3.2 ‒30.1 0.58 0.016 40.98 SDP91 139.3 3.2 ‒31.1 0.78 0.018 50.46 SDP92 140.3 3.5 ‒28.9 0.06 0.017 3.95 SDP93 141.3 (2.3) ‒29.6 0.37 0.014 31.38 SDP94 142.3 2.0 ‒31.2 0.86 0.018 55.80 SDP95 143.3 2.4 ‒29.7 0.67 0.017 47.58 SDP96 144.3 4.4 ‒29.6 0.77 0.018 50.62 SDP97 145.3 2.0 ‒30.3 0.86 0.019 53.90 SDP98 146.3 2.5 ‒30.6 0.72 0.077 10.91 SDP99 147.3 2.4 ‒30.6 3.47 0.053 77.00 SDP100 148.3 2.3 ‒30.3 1.18 0.032 43.56 SDP101 149.3 2.0 ‒30.4 1.03 0.023 52.69 SDP102 150.3 2.1 ‒30.1 3.38 0.049 80.90 SDP103 151.3 2.6 ‒29.1 0.31 0.101 3.55 SDP104 152.3 1.8 ‒30.7 2.19 0.110 23.28 SDP105 153.3 2.4 ‒28.9 0.49 0.102 5.67 SLK1 15.00 (3.9) ‒29.2 0.30 0.006 61.41 SLK2 22.50 2.5 ‒25.9 1.65 0.016 118.32 SLK3 26.25 8.2 ‒28.2 7.14 0.022 383.55 SLK4 30.00 (3.5) ‒30.9 0.88 0.008 126.13 SLK5 33.75 (4.2) ‒29.1 0.91 0.013 83.53 SLK6 37.50 3.8 ‒30.1 2.73 0.018 197.50 SLK7 41.25 (4.3) ‒29.8 0.51 0.012 48.69 SLK8 45.00 4.1 ‒30.1 1.97 0.020 111.97 SLK9 48.75 (3.3) ‒30.1 1.08 0.008 162.55 SLK10 52.50 (7.0) ‒30.0 0.79 0.006 150.19 SLK11 56.25 (2.8) ‒30.4 2.59 0.014 222.68 SLK12 60.00 3.0 ‒30.5 3.21 0.017 223.11 SLK13 63.75 2.7 ‒30.2 1.33 0.017 92.08 SLK14 67.50 2.9 ‒30.5 2.22 0.019 139.57 SLK15 71.25 3.0 ‒29.9 2.45 0.022 127.45 SLK16 75.00 2.5 ‒30.3 3.96 0.018 254.76 SLK17 78.75 (2.6) ‒29.8 1.23 0.010 139.02 SLK18 82.50 1.4 ‒28.4 0.85 0.033 30.11 SLK19 86.25 1.1 ‒28.8 0.18 0.044 4.88 SLK20 90.00 0.6 ‒28.3 0.10 0.077 1.54 SLK21 93.75 0.6 ‒28.2 0.09 0.053 1.91 SLK22 97.50 ‒0.6 ‒28.3 0.11 0.032 4.00 SLK23 101.25 (‒0.7) ‒28.9 0.06 0.010 7.05 SLK24 105.00 ‒0.4 ‒29.3 0.32 0.022 16.52 SLK25 108.75 ‒1.2 ‒29.9 0.36 0.043 9.80 SLK26 112.50 ‒1.0 ‒29.1 0.07 0.034 2.33 SLK27 116.25 ‒1.1 ‒29.5 0.20 0.054 4.39 SLK28 120.00 ‒1.0 ‒28.9 0.10 0.032 3.62 SLK29 122.38 1.3 ‒30.8 1.58 0.019 94.98 SLK30 124.13 3.1 ‒31.5 4.07 0.036 132.85 SLK31 131.88 (1.0) ‒31.4 2.16 0.012 203.64 SLK32 133.63 (0.5) ‒31.3 1.48 0.010 179.60 SLK33 136.38 1.8 ‒30.9 0.94 0.062 17.73 SLK34 140.13 (0.8) ‒31.2 2.39 0.009 321.60 SLK35 142.88 0.9 ‒31.2 12.50 0.084 173.30 SLK36 145.63 (‒0.4) ‒30.8 1.51 0.014 125.61 SLK37 148.38 1.4 ‒31.9 0.42 0.027 18.12 SLK38 152.13 1.5 ‒32.3 1.11 0.019 67.73 SLK39 155.88 1.8 ‒32.3 0.78 0.038 23.94 SLK40 160.63 1.3 ‒32.9 2.93 0.020 172.49 注：表中括号内的数值表示由于总氮含量过低，δ15N值仅供参考. 
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