Quaternary Pollen Assemblages, Paleoclimate Evolution Sequence and Regional Correlation in Hengsha Island, Shanghai City
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摘要: 为了解长江三角洲地区第四纪植被与气候演化历史，通过对上海横沙岛LZK1钻孔第四纪沉积地层和孢粉的分析，揭示出该地区第四纪孢粉组合代表的植被面貌自下而上表现为：针叶阔叶混交林-灌丛草甸→针叶落叶阔叶混交林-灌丛草甸→针叶林-灌丛草甸→常绿落叶阔叶混交林→针叶落叶阔叶混交林→落叶阔叶林→针叶林→阔叶针叶混交林→针叶落叶阔叶混交林-灌丛草甸→常绿落叶阔叶混交林-灌丛草甸→常绿落叶阔叶混交林→落叶阔叶针叶混交林.受地貌、海侵、第四纪冰期/间冰期的冷暖交替事件及新构造运动等影响，研究区第四纪以来气候、环境变化频繁.钻孔岩心的沉积环境特征和孢粉组合所反映的气候变化可响应昆仑冰期、大间冰期、古乡冰期、末次间冰期等气候阶段.末次冰消期气候表现为温凉略干，晚更新世末期研究区对Oldest Dryas、IACP事件和Younger Dryas等冷事件反应敏感.进入全新世后，研究区气候整体回暖，湿度增大，海平面持续上升，其间经历了~8.2 ka和~4.2 ka的冷事件，发生了短暂的降温和干旱事件.至全新世晚期受小冰期事件影响，研究区气温和湿度有所降低，海水东退.Abstract: In order to understand the evolution history of Quaternary vegetation and climate in Yangtze delta, the study of Core LZK1 from Hengshan Island, Shanghai on sediment lithology and high resolution spore-pollen data suggests that the changes in pollen assemblage in Quaternary have resulted from the joint effect of topography, transgression and, which show a regular pattern of variation, including coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest-shrub meadow, coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest-shrub meadow, coniferous forest-shrub meadow, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest, coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest-shrub meadow, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest-shrub meadow, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest. The climate changes reflected by the sedimentary environment and palynological assemblages of Core LZK1 can be responded to the climatic events such as the Kunlun glaciation, the great interglaciation, the Guxiang glaciation and the last interglaciation. The climate of the last deglaciation period was cool and slightly dry. At the end of the Late Pleistocene, the study area was sensitive to the cold events such as Oldest Dryas, IACP events, and Younger Dryas. When entering the Holocene, the climate warmed up, the humidity increased, and the sea level continued to rise. During this period, there were cold events of -8.2 ka and -4.2 ka, and a brief process of cooling and drought occurred. Influenced by the Little Ice Age in the Late Holocene, the temperature and humidity decreased and the sea water retreated eastward.
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Key words:
- Quaternary /
- pollen /
- paleoclimate /
- paleoenvironment /
- Yangtze delta /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 研究区交通位置图(a)；上海晚新生代沉积盆地构造图(b)；研究区地质图(c); 研究区大地构造位置图(d)
图b据邱金波和李晓(2007)修改；图c据江苏省地质调查研究院(2011)上海市幅、川沙县幅建造构造图(1∶25万)修改；图d据江苏省地质调查研究院(2011)上海市幅、川沙县幅建造构造图(1∶25万)修改
Fig. 1. Location of the study area (a); the tectonic map of the Late Cenozoic sedimentary basin in Shanghai (b); the geological map of the study area (c); tectonic location of the study area (d)
图 2 上海横沙岛LZK1钻孔岩性特征、磁性地层(据谢建磊等, 2017; Ke et al., 2020)与全球气候变化记录
Fig. 2. The lithology, paleomagnetic polarity records (after Xie et al., 2017; Ke et al., 2020) in Core LZK1 of Hengsha Island, Shanghai City and the records of the global climate change
图 3 上海横沙岛LZK1钻孔部分代表性孢粉化石
1. Carpinus；2.Betula；3.Corylus；4.Alnus；5.Castanopsis；6.Juglans；7. Pterocarya；8.Amaranthaceae；9.Artemisia；10.Compositae；11.Ephedraceae；12.Ulmus；13.Gramineae；14.Tilia；15.Carya；16.Quercus (D)；17.Ilex；18.Cyperaceae；19.Polygonum；20.Meliaceae；21.Polypodiaceae；22.Hicriopteris；23.Pteridium；24.Dennstaedtiaceae；25.Castanea；26. Pteris；27. Pinus；28. Podocarpus；29.Abies；30.Picea
Fig. 3. Major representatives of spore and pollen in Core LZK1 of Hengsha Island, Shanghai City
图 4 上海横沙岛LZK1钻孔第四纪孢粉谱
Fig. 4. Pollen percentage diagram of Core LZK1 from Hengsha Island, Shanghai City
图 5 LZK1钻孔粉砂含量、介形虫及有孔虫丰度(Ke et al., 2020)、孢粉统计数、气候阶段及其与中国东部第四纪海侵及全球气候事件的对比
Fig. 5. Down-core changes of the percentage of silt, ostracod abundance, foraminifera abundance (Ke et al., 2020), pollen abundances, and the climatic stage of Core LZK1 and their comparison with the Quaternary transgressions in eastern China and global climatic events
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