Vertical Distribution and Functional Differences of Microbial Community Structure in the Soil-Groundwater System Media Field of a Petroleum Contaminated Site
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摘要: 重点行业场地土壤-地下水有机污染是水土环境治理修复亟待解决的重要问题，微生物群落在土壤-地下水系统中的分布对有机污染物迁移转化与生物降解具有重要作用.选取西北黄土高原某石化场地典型垂向剖面，基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术，精细刻画土壤-包气带-潜水含水层-弱透水层连续非均质介质场中微生物群落结构、多样性的垂向分布特征及其代谢功能差异，揭示岩性、深度因素对微生物群落结构和功能垂向分布的影响.研究表明，土壤-地下水系统介质场中微生物群落结构与多样性的垂向分布存在显著差异，并表现出不同的代谢功能和石油污染物降解模式.包气带层中的丙酸杆菌目、潜水含水层中的β-变形菌目既是优势菌种，又是组间的标志差异菌种，贡献了相关主要差异代谢功能.深度和岩性分别影响了不同的代谢功能，包气带、含水层及其下伏弱透水层中微生物以协同作用形式分别围绕芳香族化合物降解、暗氢氧化功能实现石油污染物的降解.Abstract: Soil-groundwater organic pollution in key industrial sites is a critical problem to be solved urgently in restoration of water and soil environment. The distribution of microbial communities in the soil-groundwater system plays an important role in the migration, transformation and biodegradation of these organic pollutants. Taking a typical vertical profile of a petrochemical site in the Loess Plateau in Northwest China as an example, based on 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology, this study finely describes the vertical distribution characteristics of microbial communities structure, diversity and their metabolic function differences in the soil-vadose zone-phreatic aquifer-aquitard continuous heterogeneous media field, and reveals the impact of lithological composition and depth on the vertical distribution of microbial community structure and function.The results suggested that there were significant differences in the vertical distribution of microbial community structure and diversity in the media field of the soil-groundwater system, which exhibited different metabolic functions and degradation modes of petroleum pollutants.Propionibacteriales in the vadose zone layer and Betaproteobacteriales in the phreatic aquifer were not only the dominant species, but also the biomarker species among the groups, which contributed to the main relevant different metabolic functions.Depth and lithology separately affected different metabolic functions. Microorganisms in the vadose zone, aquifer and its underlying aquitard acted synergistically to degrade petroleum pollutants with aromatic compounds degradation and dark hydrogen oxidation, respectively.
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Key words:
- media field /
- microorganisms /
- community structure /
- metabolic function /
- groundwater /
- soil-groundwater system /
- contaminated site /
- Loess Plateau /
- hydrogeology
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图 2 不同类型介质场目水平下的微生物群落结构与共有ASV韦恩图
a.土壤层；b.包气带层；c.潜水含水层；d.弱透水层；e.层组内平均相对丰度；f.共有ASV韦恩图
Fig. 2. Microbial community structure and shared ASVs Venn diagrams at order level in different types of media field
图 3 介质场剖面中不同层组内微生物群落的Alpha多样性指数箱形图
Fig. 3. Alpha diversity index box plots of microbial communities in different layer groups in the media field profile
图 4 介质场剖面微生物群落β多样性的主坐标分析(a)与物种聚类图(b)
Fig. 4. Principal coordinate analysis of beta diversity (a) and species clustering diagram (b) of microbial community in the media vertical profile
图 5 不同介质场剖面差异代谢功能及细菌功能贡献图
a.土壤层与包气带层；b.土壤层与潜水含水层；c.土壤层与弱透水层；d.包气带层与潜水含水层；e.包气带层与弱透水层；f.代谢功能细菌贡献率
Fig. 5. Differential metabolic function and bacterial function contribution diagram of each media field profile
图 6 土壤‒地下水系统介质场中微生物群落共发生网络
蓝色的线表示正相关；红色的线表示负相关；线条的粗细与相关性系数值正相关；Module表示微生物群落模块；每个节点按照目水平上色；节点的大小与其度正相关
Fig. 6. Co-occurrence network diagram of microbial communities in the media field of the soil-groundwater system
表 1 W3钻孔剖面石油烃浓度的垂向分布
Table 1. Vertical distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in W3 borehole section
采样深度（m） 1 2 3 4 5 6 6.5 7 石油烃（C10-C40）浓度（mg/kg） 28 15 16 15 13 9 25 17 
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