Regional Seismogenic Environment Revealed by the 3D Crustal Velocity Structure and Focal Mechanism of Moderate and Strong Earthquakes in Jiashi Area, Xinjiang, China
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摘要: 为了详细探讨伽师震区上地壳精细速度结构与地震活动的关系，基于新疆数字地震台网提供的震相观测报告和宽频带波形数据，使用双差层析成像方法获得了伽师地区(76.5°E~78.0°E，39.3°N~40.3°N)2009年以来地震精定位结果和较高分辨率的三维VP、VS和VP/VS结构，并分析了2020年伽师MS6.4地震序列中MS≥5.0地震的全矩张量解，综合研究区域内地震时空分布特征、震源机制和速度结构等信息，探讨伽师震源区发震构造及孕震环境. 结果表明，研究区重定位后的地震分布与已知断裂相关性差. 2020年伽师MS6.4地震序列呈NNW和近EW向2个优势方向分布，其余震在震后48 h内主要在距主震约20 km处近EW向的奥兹格尔他乌断裂上及其附近展布；序列中4次中强地震全矩张量解显示出具有明显的非双力偶成分，均为体积缩小的压性破裂；伽师地区地壳速度结构存在明显的不均匀性：2020年伽师MS6.4地震震中位于P波高速体内、S波高速体边缘及低波速比区域，且在中下地壳存在大范围的S波低速异常. 结合周边地质构造及前人研究结果，我们认为，2020年MS6.4主震的发震构造为柯坪塔格推覆体中的近EW向隐伏逆断裂，与其共轭的NNW向隐伏断裂也参与了整个伽师MS6.4地震序列的发震过程. 伽师地区强震频发是塔里木盆地向南天山持续俯冲挤压，触发推覆构造和盆山交界处若干隐伏断裂活动的构造运动结果，速度结构所揭示的介质横向不均匀性也造成震源破裂机制的多样性.Abstract: In order to discuss in detail the relationship between the fine velocity structure of the upper crust and seismic activity in the Jiashi area, this paper used the double⁃difference tomography method to obtain the earthquakes precise relocation results and high⁃resolution three⁃dimensional VP and VS velocity structuresin the Jiashi region(76.5°E⁃78.0°E, 39.3°N⁃40.3°N)with the seismic phase observation and broadband waveform provided by the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network since 2009. The full moment tensor solutions of earthquakes with MS≥ 5.0 in the 2020 MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake sequence arecalculated, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of earthquakes in this region are comprehensively studied.Theresults indicate that the earthquake distribution after relocation in this area has a poor correlation with distribution of the known faults. The 2020 MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake sequence was distributed in two dominant striking direction: NNW and near EW. The aftershocks were mainly distributed on and near the Ozgertau fault with near EW⁃striking, about 20km away from the mainshock, within 48 hours after the earthquake. The full moment tensor solutions of the four moderately strong earthquakes in the sequence show significant non double⁃couple components, all of which are compressive fractures with reduced volume. The results show that there is obvious heterogeneity in the crustal velocity structure in the Jiashiarea., the epicenter of the 2020 MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake is located within high P⁃velocity zones, the margin of hightS⁃velocity zones and low VP/VS, zones, there are large⁃scale S⁃wave low velocity anomalies in the middle and lower crust. Integrated with the regional tectonics and previous research results, we believe that the seismogenic structure of the MS6.4 mainshock in 2020 is the near EW buried nappe blind reverse fault in the Kepingtag nappe, and its conjugate NNW buried fault also participated in the seismogenic process of the entire MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake sequence.The frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes in Jiashi area is the result of the tectonic movement of the Tarim Basin, which continues to subduct and compress towards the southern Tianshan Mountains, triggering the activities of nappe structures and several hidden faults at the junction of basin and mountain. The strong lateral heterogeneity of fine velocity structure also leads to the diversity of focal mechanisms.
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图 1 研究区域历史地震和台站分布与构造背景
历史地震目录来自中国地震台网中心，断层数据来自中国地震局地质研究所；F1. 柯坪断裂；F2.奥兹格尔他乌断裂；F3.皮羌断裂；F4.阿图什背斜北翼断裂；F5.伽师隐伏断裂；F6.巴什托普断裂
Fig. 1. Historical earthquakes and station distribution and tectonic background in the study area
图 2 双差层析成像网格点分布(a)和走时曲线(b)
红色框为研究区域，橙色三角形为地震台站，深蓝色十字为网格点(0.25°×0.25°)，浅蓝色线条为地震射线路径
Fig. 2. Double difference tomography distribution of inversion grids(a) and travel time⁃distance curve(b)
图 3 使用不同阻尼因子(a)和光滑因子(b)得到的L曲线
箭头所指的数字代表选取的最佳参数值
Fig. 3. Trade⁃off curves of different damping coefficients(a) and smoothing coefficient(b)
图 4 不同深度P波棋盘格测试结果
Fig. 4. Resolutions of checkboard tests of P waves at different depths
图 5 不同深度S波棋盘测试结果
Fig. 5. Resolutions of checkboard tests of S waves at different depths
图 6 研究区内地震重定位后沿水平方向(a)和深度方向(b)的相对误差
Fig. 6. The relative error of horizonal (a) and depth after relocation in the study area
图 7 (a) 研究区重定位震中分布图，灰色圆点代表历史地震位置，红色圆点代表2020年伽师MS6.4地震序列；(b)研究区重定位前后地震走时均方根残差分布；(c)重定位后2020年伽师地震序列震中分布，颜色代表2020年伽师地震序列MS5.4前震后7天内的时间
Fig. 7. (a) The relocation epicenter distribution map of the study area, with gray dots denote historical earthquake locations and red dots denote the 2020 MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake sequence; (b) Histograms of travel time residuals before and after relocation; (c) The epicenter distribution of the 2020 Jiashi earthquake sequence after relocation, with colors denote the time within 7 days before and after the MS5.4 earthquake in the 2020 Jiashi earthquake sequence
图 8 2020年伽师MS6.4地震不同深度上的全矩张量解及其波形互相关系数
Fig. 8. Double⁃couple mechanism solution and its waveform correlation coefficient of 2020 MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake at different depths
图 9 表 2中事件1~4地震全矩张量对应的三分量理论(红色)和实际(黑色或灰色，灰色未参加反演)波形拟合图
波形上方数字表示波形拟合方差；右侧大写字母表示台站名
Fig. 9. The waveform fitting map of the three⁃component theory corresponding the double⁃couple mechanism solution (red) and the actual waveforms (black or gray, gray not participating in the inversion) oftheevents 1⁃4 intable 2
图 10 1996年以来伽师地区MS6.0以上地震震源机制解和2020年伽师MS6.4地震序列中MS≥5.0地震震源机制解
Fig. 10. Focal mechanism solutions for earthquakes with MS6.0 or above in the Jiashi area since 1996 and MS≥5.0 in the MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake sequence in 2020
图 11 2020年伽师MS6.4地震序列中MS≥5.0地震Husdon震源类型图
Fig. 11. Husdon source type map of earthquakes with MS≥5.0 in the 2020 MS6.4 Jiashi earthquake sequence
图 12 不同深度方向上P波速度分布
黑色圆点表示历史地震震中位置，黄色五角星为2020年伽师MS6.4地震，白色线条为主要活动断层
Fig. 12. Velocity variations on horizontal slices of P waves at different depths
图 13 不同深度方向上S波速度分布
黑色圆点表示历史地震震中位置，黄色五角星为2020年伽师MS6.4地震，白色线条为主要活动断层
Fig. 13. Velocity variations on horizontal slices of S waves at different depths
图 14 不同深度方向上VP/VS分布
黑色圆点表示历史地震震中位置，黄色五角星为2020年伽师MS6.4地震，白色线条为主要活动断层
Fig. 14. Velocity variations on horizontal slices of VP/VS at different depths
图 15 不同深度AA’剖面上P波和S波速度结构
黑色圆点表示历史地震震源位置，黄色五角星为2020年伽师MS6.4地震，绿色椭圆代表高速异常区域
Fig. 15. Velocity structures of P and S waves at different depth profiles AA'
图 16 不同深度BB’剖面上P波和S波速度结构
黑色圆点表示历史地震震源位置，黄色五角星为2020年伽师MS6.4地震
Fig. 16. Velocity structures of P and S waves at different depth profiles BB'
表 1 本研究所使用的一维速度模型(郭志等，2021)
Table 1. The velocity model used in this study (Guo et al., 2021)
顶层高度(km) VP(km/s) VP/VS 0 4.48 1.72 6 5.45 14 6.22 28 6.75 38 7.42 52 8.15 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 2020年伽师MS6.4地震序列较大地震全矩张量解反演结果
Table 2. The full moment tensor solutions for large earthquakes in the 2020 Jiashi MS6.4 earthquake sequence
编号 1 2 3 4 发震时刻 2020-01-18 00:05:50.0 2020-01-19 21:27:55.4 2020-01-19 22:23:01.2 2020-02-21 23:39:14.9 节面Ⅰ 走向(°) 262 75 76 55 倾角(°) 90 68 80 60 滑动角(°) -173 116 93 74 节面Ⅱ 走向(°) 172 203 241 270 倾角(°) 83 33 10 28 滑动角(°) 0 43 75 122 矩心深度(km) 9 10 9 11 Mw 5 6 4.9 4.6 MS 5.4 6.4 5.2 5.1 Mrr -0.215 4.218 0.432 0.235 Mtt 1.028 -5.994 -1.535 -1.024 Mpp -1.468 -1.692 -0.704 0.099 Mrt 0.499 5.843 2.797 0.557 Mrp 0.081 1.938 0.676 0.275 Mtp -4.203 -6.86 -0.381 -0.564 VR 0.85 0.69 0.85 0.78 CN 2.9 3.3 2.3 2.5 最小旋转角(°) 6.5 9 15.1 21.8
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