Anisian (Middle Triassic) Amber from Qingyan Section, Guizhou Province and Its Significance
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摘要: 中-晚三叠世是现代型生态系统构建的关键时期，系统研究该时期生物与环境的协同演变过程对揭示生物复苏机制和生态系统重建规律具有重要意义.琥珀是探讨中-晚三叠世植物演化和古气候演变的重要载体.对青岩剖面雷打坡段的琥珀和伴生的植物化石开展研究，并将全球的中-晚三叠世琥珀的分布与湿润事件进行对比分析.结果发现青岩琥珀是由松柏类植物伏脂杉生产，琥珀的出现与松柏类植物的辐射演化有关.菊石生物地层表明含有琥珀的地层属于中三叠世安尼期Pelsonian亚期.认为琥珀的产出与湿润事件具有对应性，说明湿润事件可能是中-晚三叠世琥珀频繁出现的重要原因.Abstract: The Middle-Late Triassic was a critical period for the construction of modern ecosystems, and a systematic study of the co-evolution of organisms and the environment during this period is significant for revealing the mechanisms of biological recovery and the reconstruction of ecosystems. Amber is important for discussing the evolution of plants and paleoclimate in the Middle to Late Triassic. Here, it reports for the first time the finding of amber in an Anisian marine succession in Qingyan Section, South China, which was located in the north-eastern Tethys. Ammonoid biostratigraphy gives a Pelsonian age for the layers bearing amber. Amber has been recovered in close association with plant remains identified as Voltzia sp., indicating that this plant has likely exuded the resin. The fact that fossil resin is restricted only within humid events strongly indicates a climatic control on resin production during the Triassic.
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Key words:
- Middle Triassic /
- Anisian /
- amber /
- humid event /
- Qingyan Section /
- Guizhou /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 中三叠世华南古地理图和研究剖面现代地理位置
a.华南中三叠世古地理图；b.南盘江盆地古地理图，图中红色五角星代表剖面位置（修改自Chen et al.，2020）；c.研究区域的位置
Fig. 1. Middle Triassic paleogeographic map and modern geographic location map of the study area
图 2 青岩剖面雷打坡段地层柱状图和野外照片
菊石生物地层来自Stiller and Bucher（2011）
Fig. 2. Stratigraphic sections and field photographs of the Leidapo Member of the Qingyan Section
图 3 青岩剖面的琥珀与荧光照片
a.琥珀与Voltzia sp.植物化石共同保存，QY-2022-21-1；b.图a中虚线框内的琥珀放大图；c.图a中的c区域在紫外光下显示蓝色的紫外荧光；d.图a中d区域在紫外光下显示浅黄色的紫外荧光；e，g，i.琥珀化石，QY2022-6-1、QY2022-6-2和QY2022-6-3；f，h，j.图e、g和i中的琥珀在紫外光下，图f为黄绿色的紫外荧光，图h和图j为橙黄色的紫外荧光
Fig. 3. Amber and their fluorescence photographs of Qingyan Section
图 5 中三叠世安尼期和晚三叠世卡尼期琥珀分布
1.Dolomites（意大利）；2.Julian Alps（意大利）；3.Balaton Highlands（匈牙利）；4.Alicante Province（西班牙）；5.Northern Calcareous Alps（Lunz area）（奥地利）；6.western Northern Calcareous Alps（奥地利）；7.Neuewelt（瑞士）；8.NE Arizona（美国）；9.Southern Africa（莱索托）；10.Tasmania（澳大利亚）（Stilwell et al.，2020）；11.Recoaro area（意大利）（Roghi et al.，2017）；12.Prà della Vacca and PizKühwiesenkopf/Monte da Peres（意大利）（Forte et al.，2022）；13.Qingyan（中国）（本研究）.（产地1到9基于Seyfullah et al.，2018b）
Fig. 5. The distribution of amber in Middle Triassic Anisian and Late Triassic Carnian
图 6 三叠纪琥珀的出现、火山活动、湿润事件、低纬度表层海水温度变化
数据来源于Chen et al.，2013；Trotter et al.，2015
Fig. 6. Occurrences of amber, volcanism, humid events, surface sea temperature changes and percentage of insect-damaged during the Triassic
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