Development Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Natural Fractures in Chang 7 Shale Oil Reservoir, Longdong Area, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7页岩油储层天然裂缝类型多样，裂缝是影响页岩油富集和产能的关键因素.为了指导该地区的勘探开发，综合利用野外露头、岩心、薄片、成像测井等资料，分析天然裂缝的成因类型和发育特征.研究区的天然裂缝按照成因可分为构造裂缝、成岩裂缝和异常高压裂缝三大类，其中构造裂缝主要包括高角度剪切裂缝、低角度剪切裂缝和张裂缝；成岩裂缝以层理缝为主，发育少量缝合线；异常高压裂缝发育较少.在此基础上进一步研究影响裂缝发育的控制因素，研究表明构造裂缝主要受到岩性、岩石力学层厚度和构造应力场的控制，层理缝的发育程度与有机碳含量和纹层有关，异常高压裂缝主要受异常高压的影响.Abstract: There are various types of natural fractures in Chang 7 shale oil reservoir in Longdong area, Ordos Basin, which are the key factors affecting shale oil enrichment and productivity. In order to guide the exploration and development of this area, the genetic types and development characteristics of natural fractures were analyzed by comprehensively utilizing various data of outcrops, cores, thin sections and imaging logging. Natural fractures in the study area can be divided into three types according to their origin, including tectonic fractures, diagenetic fractures and abnormal high pressure fractures. The tectonic fractures mainly include high-angle shear fractures, low-angle shear fractures and tensile fractures. Diagenetic fractures are mainly bedding fractures with a few sutures. Abnormal high pressure fractures are less developed. On this basis, the controlling factors affecting fracture development are further studied. The results show that tectonic fractures are mainly controlled by lithology, rock mechanical layer thickness and tectonic stress field. The development degree of bedding fractures is related to organic carbon content and lamina, and abnormal high pressure fractures are mainly affected by abnormal high pressure.
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Key words:
- shale oil /
- natural fracture /
- development characteristic /
- controlling factor /
- Ordos Basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造区划及延长组综合柱状图
a.据付金华等（2020）修改；b.据冯雪等（2021）修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic division of Ordos Basin and stratigraphic column of Yanchang Formation
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段野外露头裂缝发育特征
a.构造裂缝与层面垂直或高角度相交；b. 两组构造裂缝，平面上相互切割成棋盘状
Fig. 2. Fracture development characteristics of Chang 7 Member outcrop in Ordos Basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段岩心裂缝发育特征
a. Z40井，直立剪切缝，缝面含油，1 405.8 m；b. Z107井，高角度剪切缝被方解石全充填，1 164.4 m；c. G347井，滑脱裂缝，见镜面和擦痕，2 407.75 m；d. G347井，张裂缝被方解石全充填，2 423.8 m；e. YY1井，层理缝，228.07 m；f. L211井，层理缝面见碳质，2 378.8 m；g. W336井，异常高压缝，1 957.9 m；h. YY1井，缝合线，219.84 m
Fig. 3. Fracture development characteristics of Chang 7 Member core in Ordos Basin
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段薄片裂缝发育特征
a. L211井，低角度剪切裂缝，2 371.5 m；b. Z8井，两组构造裂缝相互切割，1 277.5 m；c. Z8井，剪切裂缝穿过矿物颗粒，1 279.9 m；d. Z8井，层理缝绕过矿物颗粒，1 124.5 m；e. M53井，层理缝中见油迹，2 370.1 m；f. Z70井，1 659.9 m，异常高压缝早期被充填，后期重新裂开
Fig. 4. Fracture development characteristics of Chang 7 Member thin sections in Ordos Basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段裂缝走向玫瑰花图（N=161）
Fig. 5. Rose diagram of fracture strike in Chang 7 Member of Ordos Basin(N=161)
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段不同井裂缝倾角和高度频率分布直方图（N=184）
Fig. 6. Histograms of fracture dip angle and height frequency distribution of different wells in Chang 7 Member, Ordos Basin (N=184)
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地Z40井长7段成像测井裂缝解释图
Fig. 7. Imaging logging fracture interpretation in Chang 7 Member of Well Z40 in Ordos Basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段不同岩性构造裂缝线密度频率分布直方图（N=66）
Fig. 8. Histogram of linear density frequency distribution of structural fractures in different lithologies of Chang 7 Member, Ordos Basin (N=66)
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地野外露头长7段层内剪切裂缝间距与岩石力学层厚度关系（N=12）
Fig. 9. Relationship between in-layer shear fracture and rock mechanical layer thickness in Chang 7 Member of outcrop in Ordos Basin(N=12)
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地不同时期构造应力场与裂缝走向关系
Fig. 10. Relationship between tectonic stress field and fracture strike in different periods in Ordos Basin
图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地长73泥岩层理缝线密度与有机碳含量关系（N=16）
Fig. 11. Relationship between bedding fracture linear density and organic carbon content of Chang 73 mudstone in Ordos Basin (N=16)
图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地长7段不同纹层类型
a. G347井，2 425.91 m；b.L211井，2 369.65 m
Fig. 12. Different laminate types in Chang 7 Member of Ordos Basin
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