Accumulation Process and Phase Control Factors of Large Natural Gas Reservoirs in the Oil-Prone Bohai Bay Basin, East China
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摘要: 渤海湾油型盆地内近几年发现了多个大型气藏，其中渤中19-6构造天然气储量超千亿方，突破了油型盆地内难以找到大型气藏的传统认识. 综合应用油气组分、天然气同位素、流体包裹体和PVT分析数据等分析了渤海湾油型盆地大型气藏成藏过程与相态控制因素. 研究结果表明：渤海湾油型盆地内已发现大型气藏普遍经历了“早油晚气”的成藏过程，CO2受到幔源与壳源的共同影响，为壳幔混合成因；CO2含量影响流体相态，表现为随含量增加体系临界温度降低而更易呈气相，高CO2含量的古生界碳酸盐岩潜山为气藏，低CO2含量的太古界潜山多为凝析气藏或高挥发性油藏. 在上述认识指导下，应将寻找大型凝析气藏作为油型盆地内天然气藏勘探方向.Abstract: In recent years, multiple large gas reservoirs have been discovered in the oil-prone Bohai Bay Basin, among which the natural gas reserves of the Bozhong 19-6 structure exceed 100 billion cubic meters, breaking the traditional understanding that large gas reservoirs cannot be found in oil-prone basins.This article comprehensively applies oil and gas components, natural gas isotopes, fluid inclusions, and PVT analysis data to analyze the formation process and phase control factors of large-scale gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay oil type basin. The research results indicate that large gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Bohai Bay oil-bearing basin, and have generally undergone the process of "early oil and late gas" accumulation. CO2 is influenced by both mantle and crust sources, resulting in a mixed crust mantle origin; The CO2 content affects the fluid phase state, manifested as a decrease in the critical temperature of the system as the content increases, making it more prone to gas phase. High CO2 content Paleozoic carbonate buried hills are gas reservoirs, while low CO2 content Archean buried hills are mostly condensate gas reservoirs or high volatility oil reservoirs. Therefore, the search for large condensate gas reservoirs should be considered as the exploration direction for natural gas reservoirs in oil bearing basins.
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Key words:
- large gas reservoir /
- accumulation process /
- carbon dioxide /
- phase state /
- Bohai Bay basin /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 渤中19-6大型凝析气区潜山顶面构造形态特征及高点分布
Fig. 1. Structural morphology and high point distribution of the top surface of buried-hill in Bozhong 19-6 large condensate gas area
图 2 渤中19-6大型凝析气区油气藏分布特征剖面
Fig. 2. Distribution profile of deep hydrocarbon reservoirs in Bozhong 19-6 large condensate gas area
图 3 渤中凹陷气藏储层流体包裹体特征
a，b. BZ19-6-C井，4 049.56 m，黄绿色荧光烃包裹体沿石英颗粒微裂隙串珠状分布；c，d. BZ19-6-G井，4 678.43 m，蓝白色荧光烃包裹体沿石英颗粒微裂隙呈串珠状分布；e，f. BZ19-6-C井，4 049.56 m，甲烷气烃包裹体与蓝白色荧光烃包裹体沿石英颗粒微裂隙呈串珠状分布；AI. 盐水包裹体；CH4 FI. 甲烷气包裹体
Fig. 3. Characteristics of fluid inclusions in gas reservoir of Bozhong sag
图 4 渤中凹陷气藏储层流体包裹体均一温度分布
Fig. 4. Homogenization temperature distribution of fluid inclusions in gas reservoir of Bozhong sag
图 5 渤中凹陷虚拟井埋藏演化与生烃史
Fig. 5. The history of virtual well burial evolution and hydrocarbon generation in Bozhong Sag
图 6 渤中19-6构造地层流体三元组成三角图(C1+N2, C2~C6+CO2, and C7+)
Fig. 6. Fluid type identification of the BZ19-6 gas reservoir according to the three-component diagram (C1+N2, C2~C6+CO2, and C7+)
图 10 渤中21-22气藏储层流体包裹体特征
a. BZ22-1-B，4 365.15~4 365.18 m，灰岩微裂缝见稀油沥青；b. BZ22-1-B，4 364.28~4 364.35 m，油包裹体中见沥青；BM. 沥青
Fig. 10. Characteristics of fluid inclusions in gas reservoir of Bozhong 21-22
图 11 过BZ21-2-D井和BZ21-2-C井气藏剖面
Fig. 11. Gas reservoir profile through Well BZ21-2-D and Well BZ21-2-C
表 1 渤中19-6凝析油物性参数
Table 1. The physical parameters of Bozhong 19-6 condensate oil
井号 深度(m) 层位 密度(g/cm3) 粘度(mPa·s) 含蜡量(%) 凝固点(℃) BZ19-6-A 3 566.8~3 634.0 古近系孔店组 0.795 1.42 13.95 22 BZ19-6-A 4 043.4~4 142.0 太古宇 0.793 1.24 11.80 12 BZ19-6-B 3 873.7~3 923.5 太古宇 0.799 1.54 15.04 17 BZ19-6-B 3 879.0~3 998.7 太古宇 0.809 2.14 13.84 22 BZ19-6-C 4 079.2 古近系孔店组 0.787 2.06 7.32 11 BZ19-6-E 4 411.0~4 499.8 太古宇 0.798 1.65 18.25 22 BZ19-6-G 3 500.0~3 566.0 古近系孔店组 0.791 10.52 16 平均值 0.798 1.78 13.56 18 
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表 2 渤中19-6/21-22天然气组分数据
Table 2. The natural gas composition data of Bozhong 19-6 & 21-22
井号 深度(m) 层位 天然气组分含量（体积百分比, %） C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6+ CO2 BZ19-6-A 3 566.80~3 634.00 古近系孔店组 76.750 8.680 2.980 1.350 0.540 0.200 9.370 BZ19-6-A 4 043.40~4 142.00 太古宇 70.850 8.040 2.820 1.300 0.460 0.110 16.270 BZ19-6-B 3 873.70~3 923.50 太古宇 78.270 8.190 2.590 1.070 0.320 0.100 9.350 BZ19-6-B 3 879.00~3 998.70 太古宇 77.780 8.220 2.780 1.280 0.490 0.160 9.190 BZ19-6-E 4 411.00~4 499.80 太古宇 75.410 8.830 3.010 1.360 0.540 0.170 10.490 BZ19-6-G 3 500.00~3 566.00 古近系孔店组 77.400 8.210 2.950 1.380 0.600 0.310 9.150 BZ22-1-B 4 354.00~4 611.00 古生界 59.600 3.320 0.780 1.240 34.600 BZ21-2-C 4 865.37~5 141.00 古生界 43.950 2.340 0.570 0.740 49.060 BZ21-2-D 5 114.48~5 363.00 古生界 45.930 2.039 0.461 0.109 0.130 0.07 51.021
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