Activity Analysis of Hexiwu Fault Based on Artificial Earthquake and Its Set Earthquake Simulation Research
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摘要: 河西务断裂是一条处于京津冀城市群腹地规模较大的第四纪断裂，围绕该断裂开展的一系列浅层人工地震及钻孔联合剖面勘探进一步揭示，该断裂为一条晚更新世早期活动断裂.近期天津市地震局跨该断裂完成的4条28T可控震源人工地震勘探测线，为研究该断裂的断裂特征及活动性提供了新证据.人工地震剖面显示：（1）该断裂倾向南东，视倾角55°~75°，向北延伸止于高王公路与京塘公路之间，在北端剖面上呈上陡下缓的单一断层，向南则呈雁列式或“Y”字型构造，总长度约50余千米；（2）不同剖面上显示的断层最浅上断点埋深存在差异，但普遍达到150 m以上，表明河西务断裂展布存在差异性，但断裂断错中更新统底界，并向上延伸至上更新统，活动时代为晚更新世早期断裂.区域资料显示，该断裂向南延伸与牛东断裂相接，二者共同组成了一条规模超100 km的断裂带，存在发生7级以上地震可能.从京津冀城市群防范大震风险需求出发，对该断裂设定地震Mw7.3进行了数值模拟，潜在的长周期地震动可能对京津冀地区具有重要影响.Abstract: The Hexiwu fault is a large-scale Quaternary fault in the hinterland of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, and a series of shallow artificial seismic surveys and drillhole joint profiles have been carried out around the fault, which further revealed that the fracture is an active fracture in the early Late Pleistocene. Recently, Tianjin Seismological Bureau completed four 28T controlled-source artificial seismic surveys across the rupture, providing new evidence for the study of the rupture characteristics and activity of the rupture. The artificial seismic profiles show that: (1) the fracture extends northward and ends between Gaowang Highway and Jingtang Highway; (2) the depths of the shallowest upper fault point on different profiles vary, but generally reach more than 150 m, which indicates that the Heximo Fracture has a segmented distribution, but the rupture activity basically belongs to the same period. Regional data show that the fracture extends southward to connect with the Niudong Fault, which together form a 100 km-long fracture zone, and there is a possibility of earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above. From the demand of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration to prevent the risk of large earthquakes, numerical simulation of the rupture setting earthquake Mw7.3 is carried out to analyze the impacts of potential long-period ground shaking on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
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图 1 廊坊凹陷大地构造位置(杨德相等，2021)
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of Langfang Depression (After Yang et al., 2021)
图 3 hxw3人工地震测线反射时间剖面与深度解释剖面
Fig. 3. Reflection time profile and depth interpretation profile of the line hxw3
图 4 hxw1人工地震测线反射时间剖面与深度解释剖面
Fig. 4. Reflection time profile and depth interpretation profile of the line hxw1
图 5 hxw2人工地震测线反射时间剖面与深度解释剖面
Fig. 5. Reflection time profile and depth interpretation profile of the line hxw2
图 6 天津大港-河北廊坊大地电磁剖面部分段落（徐新学等，2007）
Fig. 6. Partial section of the Tianjin Dagang-Hebei Langfang magnetotelluric profile (After Xu et al., 2007)
图 7 设定地震震源破裂平均滑动量分布及破裂过程
红色五角星表示破裂起始点，白色等值线虚线表示破裂传播时间，单位为s
Fig. 7. Average sliding quantity distribution and fracture process of the source rupture
图 8 华北盆地北部沉积层内各地层界面埋深
Fig. 8. Buried depth of stratigraphic interface in the northern part of North China Basin
图 9 河西务断裂设定地震（Mw7.3）PGV分布
Fig. 9. PGV distribution of the scenario earthquake for the Hexiwu fault (Mw7.3)
图 10 河西务-牛东断裂带周边区域的放大系数分布(Mw7.3)
Fig. 10. Amplification coefficient distribution of the Hexiwu-Niudong fault zone and adjacent area
表 1 设定地震的震源模型参数
Table 1. Source model parameters of scenario earthquake
参数 震级（Mw） 破裂面走向、倾角、滑动角 断层性质 破裂尺寸（km） 震源深度（km） 数值 7.3 NNE15°、80°、-45° 正走滑 80×29 14 参数 平均滑动量（m） 地震矩（N·m） 凹凸体的平均滑动量（m） 凹凸体面积百分比占比（%） 凹凸体位置（沿断层走向km×沿断层倾向km） 数值 1.41 1.095 1 e20 3.545 5 10.95 9×11，9×5，5×6 
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表 2 介质模型物理参数
Table 2. Physical parameters of the medium model
速度层 S~IQ底 IQ底~IN IN~G G~C C~Moho Moho~ 密度(g·cm-3) 2.05~2.45 2.45~2.73 2.73~2.73 2.73~2.89 3~3 3.34~ Vp(km·s-1) 1.5~2.2 2.2~2.7 2.7~4.15 4.15~6.2 6.2~6.9 7.9~ Vs(km·s-1) 0.5~1.02 1.02~1.4 1.4~2.4 2.4~3.6 3.6~3.73 4.6~ Q0 100~150 150~200 200~500 500~800 1 000~1 000 1 000
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