Sedimentary Records of Volcanic Activity in Paleogene of Alps and Geological Significance
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摘要: 在始新世中期至渐新世早期, 欧洲板块和亚得里亚板块发生碰撞, 导致了阿尔卑斯造山带的大规模岩浆活动, 由于后期隆升剥蚀无法保存, 而弧后盆地中同时期的沉积火山碎屑岩记录了这一构造事件.针对该套沉积火山碎屑岩, 开展了地质年代学与地球化学等方面的研究, 揭示了阿尔卑斯造山带的火山活动和构造演化特征.研究表明火山碎屑岩中的锆石年龄峰值主要集中在~47 Ma、40 Ma和37 Ma, 并且锆石的Hf同位素呈现负值, 说明其主要形成于板块俯冲过程中部分地壳熔融的岩浆中.此外, 通过对岩浆锆石同位素计算地壳厚度的变化, 说明了阿尔卑斯造山带不仅存在由于板块俯冲碰撞引起的地壳垂直挤压增厚, 还存在俯冲板片拉伸引起的地壳伸展变薄.Abstract: During the Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene, the collision between the European and Adriatic plates led to large-scale magmatic activity in the Alpine orogenic belt, and pyroclastic rocks were recorded in the back arc basin. This study focuses on the geochronology and geochemistry of pyroclastic rocks, and reveals the volcanic activity and structural evolution characteristics of the Alpine orogenic belt. The results indicate that the peak ages of zircons in pyroclastic rocks are mainly concentrated at ~47 Ma, 40 Ma, and 37 Ma. The Hf isotopes of zircons show negative values. It indicates that they were mainly formed in magma with partially melted crust during plate subduction. In addition, the crustal thickness was calculated by using magmatic zircon isotopes. It is demonstrated that the Alpine orogenic belt experienced not only vertical crustal compression thickening caused by plate subduction and collision, but also crustal extension thinning caused by plate stretching.
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Key words:
- volcanic clastic rock /
- magmatic zircon /
- U-Pb age /
- Eu value /
- crustal thickness /
- geochronology /
- geochemistry
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图 1 阿尔卑斯造山带构造概图（红星为采样位置）
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map of the Alps with sample locations
图 2 阿尔卑斯山（南弧后盆地）古近系典型剖面地层综合柱状图
Fig. 2. Composite stratigraphy of the Paleogene sections studied in the Alps （southern arc back basin）
图 3 南弧后盆地中火山碎屑岩镜下照片
Chl.绿泥石；Pl.斜长石；Cal.方解石
Fig. 3. Photographs showing samples of the plagioclase arenites in the southern arc back basin
图 4 南弧后盆地中火山碎屑岩样品重矿物含量
Fig. 4. Contents of heavy minerals in the samples of southern arc back basin
图 5 岩浆锆石颗粒阴极发光图像
红色为206Pb/238U年龄（Ma）, 黄色为εHf（t）值
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence images of volcanic zircon grains in the samples
图 6 南弧后盆地岩浆锆石U-Pb协和年龄曲线（部分数据来源Lu et al., 2018）
Fig. 6. Probability U-Pb age curves of zircon ages from southern arc back basin
图 7 南弧后盆地岩浆锆石εHf（t）与δEu值（蓝色区域为Adamello侵入体）
Fig. 7. εHf（t） and δEu values of magmatic zircons in the southern arc back basin （blue area represents Adamello intrusion）
图 8 阿尔卑斯造山带地壳厚度演化示意图
a.由（La/Yb）N计算的地壳厚度演化曲线；b.由Eu/Eu*计算的地壳演化曲线
Fig. 8. Schematic diagrams of crustal thickness evolution of the Alps
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