Enhanced Formation Conditions of the Large-Scale Volcanic Reservoir in the BZ8-3S Large Volcanic Structure in Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为解决如何在渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷中生界寻找规模型火山岩油气藏的难题，以BZ8-3S大型火山圈闭及该构造钻探的BZ8-3S-A高产火山岩探井为研究对象，详细研究了该构造火山岩岩性、岩相和储层特征，探讨了近烃源岩大型火山圈闭规模型火山岩储层的发育条件，并建立了储层发育模式. 研究表明，BZ8-3S构造由多个大中型酸性熔岩火山机构叠置构成，主要发育大套喷溢相上部亚相气孔流纹岩、下部亚相块状流纹岩、火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相流纹质隐爆角砾岩3种岩性岩相，形成高孔-低渗、中孔-低渗和低孔-低渗3种类型火山岩储层. 多喷发中心、富喷溢相上部亚相和火山通道相隐爆角砾岩亚相的大中型酸性熔岩火山机构是形成规模型火山岩储层的基础；风化作用促进了喷溢相上部亚相和隐爆角砾岩亚相溶蚀孔-缝的形成，改善了储层物性，是风化壳内有利储层形成的关键；构造作用改造喷溢相下部亚相块状熔岩，形成风化壳下部母岩中裂缝和溶蚀孔隙发育带，构成了风化壳-内幕双层储层结构. 以BZ8-3S为原型，建立了“以大中型多中心酸性熔岩火山机构及其发育的有利岩性、岩相为基础，风化和构造改造双控”的大型火山圈闭规模型储层发育模式.Abstract: In order to solve the problem of finding large-scale volcanic reservoirs in the Mesozoic of Bozhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, this paper takes BZ8-3S large volcanic trap and BZ8-3S-A high-yield volcanic exploration well drilled in this structure as the research object, and studies the lithology, lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of volcanic rocks in this structure in detail. The development conditions of the large volcanic trap model reservoir close to the source rock are discussed and the development model of the reservoir is established. The results show that the BZ8-3S structure is composed of several large and medium-sized acid lava volcanic structures and mainly develops three lithological lithofacies, namely porous rhyolite of the upper subfacies of the intermediate effusive facies, massive rhyolite of the lower subfacies and the crypto-explosive breccia subfacies of the volcanic vent facies, forming three types of volcanic reservoirs: high porosity and low permeability, medium porosity and low porosity and low permeability. The medium and large acid lavas with multiple eruption centres, rich upper subfacies of the effusive facies, as well as the upper subfacies of the effusive facies and the crypto-explosive breccia subfacies developed near the source facies of the volcanic mechanism are the basis for the formation of regular model volcanic rock reservoirs. Weathering promoted the formation of pores and fractures in the upper subfacies of the intermediate effusive facies and the crypto-explosive breccia subfacies, improved reservoir physical properties and was key to the formation of favourable reservoirs in the weathered crust. Tectonism transformed the massive lava of the lower subfacies of the effusive facies and formed the fracture and dissolution pore development zone in the parent rock of the lower part of the weathered crust, which formed the weathered crust-internal two-layer reservoir structure. Based on BZ8-3S, the reservoir development model of large-scale volcanic structure is established, which is based on the favourable lithology and lithofacies of large acid lava volcanic institutions and is controlled by weathering and tectonic transformation.
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图 1 渤海湾盆地海域油区构造纲要和潜山地层综合柱状图
据Ye et al.（2021）加入中生界圈闭勘探成果修改；a. 渤海湾盆地海域油区构造纲要和中生界火山岩圈闭分布图；b. 渤中凹陷基底潜山地层综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Structural outline and comprehensive columnar diagram of buried hill strata in the Bohai Bay Basin
图 2 渤中凹陷中生界火山岩岩性、岩相分布图
Fig. 2. Lithology and distribution of lithofacies in Mesozoic volcanic rocks within the Bozhong Sag
图 3 BZ8-3S-A井火山岩岩性、岩相综合柱状图
Fig. 3. Comprehensive columnar diagram depicting lithology and lithofacies of volcanic rocks in well BZ8-3S-A
图 5 BZ8-3S-A井火山岩岩性特征
a. 4 938.5 m气孔流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；b. 5 064.0 m块状流纹岩铸体薄片照片，正交偏光；c.5 064.0 m块状流纹岩壁心照片；d. 5 001.0 m隐爆角砾岩壁心照片；e. 5 001.0 m隐爆角砾岩铸体薄片照片，正交偏光；f. 5 005.7 m火山角砾熔岩壁心照片；g. 4 993.7 m断层角砾岩壁心照片；h. 4 993.7 m断层角砾岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光
Fig. 5. Lithological characteristics of volcanic rocks in BZ8-3S-A well
图 6 BZ8-3S大型火山构造火山机构构成
a. BZ8-3S大型构造火山机构分布剖面图；b. BZ8-3S大型构造火山机构分布平面图
Fig. 6. Volcanic edifices of BZ8-3S represent a significant large-scale volcanic structure
图 7 BZ8-3S大型火山构造火山机构地质模型
Fig. 7. Geological model and volcanic mechanism of the BZ8-3S large volcanic structure
图 8 BZ8-3S-A井中生界火山岩孔隙度-渗透率交会图
Fig. 8. Crossplot analysis of porosity and permeability in the BZ8-3S-A well for Mesozoic volcanic rocks
图 9 BZ8-3S-A井火山岩储集空间类型和特征
a. 原生气孔和杏仁体内孔，4 945 m气孔流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；b. 基质溶蚀孔，4 945 m气孔流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；c. 晶内溶蚀孔，4 968 m块状流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；d.隐爆岩汁溶孔，5 006 m隐爆角砾岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；e.脱玻化孔，4 968 m块状流纹岩扫描电镜照片，单偏光；f.隐爆岩汁脱玻化孔，4 941 m隐爆角砾岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；g. 溶蚀扩大缝，4 937 m块状流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；h. 溶蚀缝，4 960 m块状流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；i. 隐爆缝，5 010 m隐爆角砾岩铸体薄片，单偏光；j. 网状构造缝，近断裂破碎带，5 094 m块状流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；k. 构造角砾溶孔，4 994 m构造角砾岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光；l. 充填裂缝，5 064 m块状流纹岩铸体薄片照片，单偏光
Fig. 9. Types and characteristics of reservoir space in the BZ8-3S-A well composed of volcanic rocks
图 10 BZ8-3S-A井不同类型储层的储集空间占比
Fig. 10. The proportion of reservoir space in different types of reservoirs within the BZ8-3S-A well
图 11 BZ8-3S-A井风化壳垂向发育模式图
Fig. 11. Vertical development model of weathering crust in well BZ8-3S-A
图 12 BZ8-3S-A井火山岩储层物性、有效储层发育率与火山岩相的关系
a.不同岩相火山岩储层孔隙度特征；b. 不同岩相火山岩有效储层发育率
Fig. 12. Correlation between physical properties of volcanic, effective reservoir development rate, and volcanic facies in well BZ8-3S-A
图 13 BZ8-3S大型火山构造规模型火山储层发育模式
Fig. 13. Development model of a large-scale volcanic reservoir within the extensive volcanic structure BZ8-3S
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