Different Distribution of Deep and Shallow Geothermal Resources in Jizhong Depression under Complex Heat Transfer
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷地热资源开发潜力巨大，但目前仅对浅部中-低温地热资源的成因机制进行了大规模的研究，深部高温地热资源成因机制尚不明确.以区域地质、地热地质、岩石热物性为基础，分析了研究区深部温度场特征和控制因素，探究了传导-对流复杂热传递作用下深部高温聚热机制.渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷地温梯度和大地热流较高，地温梯度介于27.4~39.7 ℃/km，平均约34.8 ℃/km，大地热流主要分布在50~70 mW/m2之间.地温场受到岩石热导率、基底构造起伏以及地下水流动的影响，平面和垂向分布均表现出复杂的差异性.通过实测数据计算研究区深部地温，认为凸起区浅部温度高但深部温度低，凹陷区浅部温度低深部温度高.因此形成了冀中坳陷5 000 m内高温地热资源主要分布在凹陷区深部的特征，地层温度可达190 ℃，可作为潜在干热岩勘探的有利目标.从地质构造、源、储、盖、流体等方面研究了冀中坳陷凸起区水热型地热资源和深部潜在干热岩型地热资源的特征，建立了浅部凸起区水热型地热资源与深部凹陷区潜在干热岩地热资源聚集模式.研究加深了对冀中坳陷乃至渤海湾盆地深部高温地热成因机制和分布规律的认识，对干热岩地热资源的开发利用具有参考价值.Abstract: The Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, has enormous potential for geothermal resource development, but currently only the genesis mechanism of shallow to mid-temperature geothermal resources has been extensively researched, and the genesis mechanism of deep and high-temperature geothermal resources remains unclear. Based on regional geology, geothermal geology, and rock thermal properties, in this study it analyzed the characteristics and controlling factors of the deep temperature field in the study area and explored the deep and high-temperature heat accumulation mechanism under complex heat transfer processes of conduction and convection. The temperature gradient and heatflow in Jizhong Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin are relatively high, with a temperature gradient ranging from 27.4 ℃/km to 39.7 ℃/km, with an average of about 34.8℃/km, and a heatflow ranging from 50 mW/m2 to 70 mW/m2. The temperature field is affected by rock thermal conductivity, basement structures, and groundwater flow, and has complex differences in both plane and vertical distribution. Based on measured data, it was found that the shallow temperature is high but the deep temperature is low in the convex areas, and the shallow temperature is low but the deep temperature is high in the depressed areas, leading to the deep and high-temperature geothermal resources largely concentrated in the depressions within 5 000 m depth in Jizhong Depression, with the reservoir temperature reaching 190 ℃, and which can serve as potential favorable targets for exploring hot dry rock resources. The characteristics of hydrothermal geothermal resources in the uplift area and deep potential hot dry rock geothermal resources in the Jizhong Depression are studied from the perspectives of geological structure, source, storage, cap, and fluid, and a model of the accumulation of shallow hydrothermal geothermal resources and deep potential hot dry rock geothermal resources in the studied area was established. This study deepened our understanding of the genesis mechanisms and distribution patterns of deep and high-temperature geothermal resources in Jizhong Depression and even the Bohai Bay Basin, and has significant reference value for the exploration and utilization of hot dry rock geothermal resources.
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Key words:
- geothermal field /
- geothermal resources /
- thermal refraction /
- thermal convection /
- hot dry rock /
- Bohai Bay Basin /
- geophysics
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图 4 冀中坳陷不同岩性热导率频率分布直方图
Fig. 4. Histogram of frequency distribution of thermal conductivity of different lithologies in Jizhong Depression
图 5 冀中坳陷部分井地温梯度-深度图
Fig. 5. Geothermal gradient-depth map of some wells in Jizhong Depression
图 6 冀中坳陷地温梯度平面分布
Fig. 6. Plane distribution of geothermal gradient in Jizhong Depression
图 7 冀中坳陷大地热流平面分布
Fig. 7. Plane distribution of terrestrial heat flow in Jizhong Depression
图 8 冀中坳陷深部结构剖面-热流图
Fig. 8. Deep structure profile-heat flow map of Jizhong Depression
图 9 冀中坳陷区域构造及地层剖面图(改自戴明刚等，2020)
Fig. 9. Regional structural and stratigraphic profile of Jizhong Depression (adapted from Dai et al., 2020)
图 10 断层“热折射”数值模拟
蓝色箭头表征热流方向和大小
Fig. 10. Numerical simulation of fault 'thermal refraction'
图 11 模拟计算结果与实际测量数据对比
Fig. 11. The simulation results compared with the measurement data
图 12 COMSOL模拟对流层厚度、埋深与地表热流关系
Fig. 12. Relationship between thickness of the convective layer, burial depth, and surface heat flow as simulated by COMSOL
图 13 研究区不同构造单元代表性测温曲线及分层计算深部温度方法示意
Fig. 13. Typical temperature measurement curves and layered calculation method for deep temperature in different structural units of the research area
图 14 容城、牛驼镇凸起-霸县凹陷不同深度地层温度分布
a. 深度为2 000 m；b.深度为3 000 m；c. 深度为4 000 m；d. 深度为5 000 m
Fig. 14. The temperature distribution in Rongcheng and Niutuozhen uplift-Baxian Depression at different depths
表 1 冀中坳陷岩石生热率、热导率柱
Table 1. Rock heat generation rate and thermal conductivity column in Jizhong Depression
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