Typed Architecture of Valley Road in Northern Foothills of Qinling Mountains Based on Concept of Ecological-Economic-Social Collaborative Development
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摘要: 峪道是集自然资源、人文历史、休闲游憩于一体的艺术瑰宝，承载了秦岭北麓的生态之基、经济之柱、社会之需等多重功能.峪道的个性特征剖析不全面、服务功能定位不清晰，严重影响了峪道的科学化管理，制约了秦岭北麓的可持续发展.本文在阐明峪道定义与内涵的基础上，阐释了峪道类型化研究促进学科交叉融合发展、助力人类宜居环境建设、推动区域战略实施的三大意义，梳理了峪道分类研究进展；聚焦峪道生态、经济、社会三大服务功能，构建了基于生态-经济-社会协同发展理念的层次结构模型，设计了峪道主体功能的评估程序，厘定了峪道的主体服务功能；结合上位规划，搭建了一个类型合理、分工有序、特色鲜明的峪道分类体系，确定了“保护区类型-主体服务功能-管理措施”的峪道命名形式，助力秦岭北麓峪道的多元化管理及其自然资源和文化内涵的深度发掘，为峪道开发利用与保护提供借鉴与参考.Abstract: Valley road is an artistic treasure that integrates natural resources, cultural history, and leisure and recreation, carrying multiple functions such as the ecological foundation, economic pillar, and social need. However, the analysis of the individual characteristics of valley road is not comprehensive, and the positioning of its service functions is not clear, which seriously affects the scientific management of valley road and restricts the sustainable development of the Qinling Mountains. On the basis of elucidating the definition and connotation of valley road, in this paper it elaborates on the three major meanings of facilitating interdisciplinary integration and development, assisting in the construction of a livable environment for humans, and promoting the implementation of regional strategies in the study of valley road typology, and summarizes the research progress of valley road classification. Focusing on the three major service functions of ecology, economy, and society of the valley road, a hierarchical model based on the concept of Ecological-Economic-Social Collaborative Development (EESCD) is constructed. An evaluation procedure for the major function of valley road is designed, and its main service function is determined. Combining the upper level planning, a reasonable type, orderly division of labor, and distinctive feature classification system for valley road has been established, and its naming form based on "protection zone type-main service function-management measure" has been determined, which assists in the diversified management of valley road and the deep exploration of its natural resources and cultural connotations in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains, thereby, provides reference and guidance for the development, utilization, and protection of valley road.
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图 1 秦岭北麓峪道的特性与功能(部分图片来源于网络)
Fig. 1. Characteristics and functions of the valley road at the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains (some images sourced from internet)
图 2 秦岭北麓峪道分布
1.晁峪；2.清姜峪；3.茵香峪；4.清水峪；5. 马尾峪；6.磻溪峪；7.伐鱼峪；8.同峪；9.斜峪；10.赤峪；11.大黑峪；12.小黑峪；13.西汤峪；14.泥峪；15.竹峪；16.西骆峪；17.黑峪；18.团标峪；19.就峪；20.田峪；21.赤峪；22.耿峪；23.甘峪；24.涝峪；25.谭峪；26.曲峪；27.黄柏峪；28.太平峪；29.紫阁峪；30.高冠峪；31.祥峪；32.沣峪；33.黄峪；34.白石峪；35.子午峪；36.抱龙峪；37.天子峪；38.石砭峪；39.太乙峪；40.小峪；41.大峪；42.库峪；43.东汤峪；44.大洋峪；45.岱峪；46.辋峪；47.蓝峪；48.大峪；49.赛峪；50.福朝峪；51.石沟峪；52.流峪；53.道沟峪；54.清峪；55.大奓峪；56.西涧峪；57.东涧峪；58.桥峪；59.马峪；60.石堤峪；61.小夫峪；62.沟峪；63.方山峪；64.大夫峪；65.仙峪；66.华山峪；67.黃甫峪；68.杜峪；69.蒲峪；70. 翎峪；71. 潼峪；72.嵩岔峪；73.麻峪；74.太峪；75.善车峪；76.桐峪
Fig. 2. Distribution of valley road at the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains
图 3 秦岭北麓峪道类型化研究推动学科交融发展
Fig. 3. Research on typification of valley road in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains promoting the integration and development of disciplines
图 4 秦岭北麓峪道类型化研究助力宜居环境建设(部分图片来源于网络)
Fig. 4. Research on typification of valley road in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains assisting in the construction of livable environment (some images sourced from internet)
图 5 秦岭北麓峪道类型化研究推动区域战略实施(部分图片来源于网络)
Fig. 5. Research on typification of valley road in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains facilitating the implementation of regional strategies (some images sourced from internet)
图 6 秦岭北麓峪道类型化研究思路(部分图片来源于网络)
Fig. 6. Research ideas on typification of valley road in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains (some images sourced from internet)
图 8 基于生态-经济-社会协同发展理念的秦岭北麓峪道类型化流程
Fig. 8. Typification process of valley road in the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains based on the concept of ecological-economic-social collaborative development
表 1 秦岭北麓峪道分类标准
Table 1. Classification standards for valley road at the northern foothills of Qinling Mountains
分类角度 分类体系 峪道长度(周灵国和谢伟，2018) ①大型峪道：长度 > 15 km，大部分峪道顶端(源头)都在主脊(分水岭)附近，峪内有河，水流急，水量充沛；
②中型峪道：长度5~15 km，峪道顶端距离主脊均有一段距离，峪内有河，遇旱则小，遇涝则大；
③小型峪道：长度≤5 km，峪道顶端大都在半截山梁，一般在海拔1 800 m以下，峪道内有溪流或已干涸，时有时无，属于季节性或间歇性流水.基于流域水质控制(王国今等，2018) ①全封闭保护型峪道：完全属于生态绝对保护区，峪道内已建或规划建设饮用水水库，峪道内可利用资源较少，生态环境良好；
②封闭保护型峪道：完全属于生态绝对保护区，峪道内已建或规划建设饮用水水库，但道峪内部分地段有村庄或已建成景区等；
③半封闭保护型峪道：峪道部分段属于生态绝对保护区，峪道内某段现在或未来规划建设非饮用水水库；
④保护利用型峪道：峪道内没有生态绝对保护区，也没有已建或规划水库，峪道生态环境良好，自然或文化景观资源丰富.基于管理目标(曹亮，2016) ①严格保护类峪道：分为涵养水源类和保护生态系统类，前者是指涵养水源为该峪道的主导功能，后者是指保护生态系统为该峪道的主导功能；
②旅游休闲类峪道：峪道主导功能为旅游休闲；
③资源管理类峪道：峪道主导功能为资源供应；
④荒野地类：涵养水源、保护生态系统、旅游休闲和资源供应等主要功能等级都比较低，自然本底良好的峪道；
⑤其他类：为了未来战略定位和未知管理目标预留出的峪道类型.
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表 2 基于生态-经济-社会协同发展理念的峪道类型化指标体系
Table 2. Typification indicator system of valley road based on the concept of ecological-economic-social collaborative development
目标层 准则层 指标层 选取依据 生态服务功能 气象水文 降水量 决定区域水资源的丰寡 气温 影响水文循环及生物生长发育 地表水资源量 峪道内水资源状况 生物类型 野生动物种类 峪道及周边区域动物多样性 野生植物种类 峪道及周边区域植物多样性 人口数量 峪道的人类宜居程度 生境特征 森林覆盖率 森林资源和林地占有的实际水平 水土流失面积 生态地质环境的脆弱程度 断流风险 峪道水源枯竭、河床干涸的概率 经济服务功能 水源利用 农业供水量 峪道供农业用水的经济效益 工业供水量 峪道供工业用水的经济效益 生活供水量 峪道供生活用水的经济效益 资源供应 矿产开发量 矿产开采的经济效益 林木生产量 林木生产的经济效益 杂果药材销量 杂果药材生产的经济效益 行业收入 餐饮消费额 峪道周边区域餐饮行业收益 住宿消费额 峪道周边区域住宿行业收益 娱乐消费额 峪道周边区域娱乐行业收益 社会服务功能 环境质量 水环境质量 水环境对人群生存及社会经济发展的适宜程度 土壤环境质量 土壤环境对人群生存及社会经济发展的适宜程度 大气环境质量 大气环境对人群生存及社会经济发展的适宜程度 景观资源 观赏价值 峪道的观赏性及其创造旅游资源的潜在能力 文化价值 峪道的文化底蕴及历史内涵 科学价值 峪道的科学研究价值 开发条件 区位特征 峪道的地理位置优劣及其可开发性 服务设施 峪道社会服务的设施水平 受教育程度 周边民众的文化水平及潜在服务价值
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