The Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic Ocean Plate Stratigraphy Tectonic-Stratigraphic Realms and Framework of the Tethyan Orogenic System in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
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摘要: 晚古生代-中生代（二叠纪-白垩纪）是青藏特提斯造山系构造-古地理格局发生重大改组的关键时期.本文将青藏特提斯造山系划分为3个构造-地层大区，17个构造-地层区，通过详细分析各个构造-地层分区中的洋间地块以及与其紧密伴生的陆缘弧、弧前盆地、边缘海盆地、微陆块等的洋板块地层序列、沉积背景、地层接触及对比关系，特别是突出表达各条蛇绿混杂岩带在各个构造-地层分区中的时空分布，最终建立了青藏特提斯造山系晚古生代-中生代（二叠纪-白垩纪）洋板块地层格架.通过系统梳理青藏特提斯造山系蛇绿混杂岩带及与其相关的弧-盆系的时空分布特征，在此基础上探讨古特提斯洋（龙木错-双湖洋、昌宁-孟连洋等）、中特提斯洋（班公湖-怒江洋）和新特提斯洋（雅鲁藏布洋）的演化历史，进而揭示青藏特提斯造山系晚古生代-中生代构造-古地理格局演变过程.Abstract: The Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic (Permian-Cretaceous) was a crucial period for major reorganization of the tectonic-paleogeographic pattern of the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Three first-order tectonic-stratigraphic units (super-realms) and seventeen second-order tectonic-stratigraphic units (realms) have been devised. Through detailed research of lithostratigraphic unit and its characteristics of sedimentary background and contact-correlation relationship for the continental blocks and their closely associated continental arcs, forearc basins, marginal sea basins, micro-continents etc. In each tectonic-stratigraphic units, we have finally established the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) framework for the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. In particular, the spatiotemporal distribution of the ophiolite mélange zones in different tectonic-stratigraphic units are highlighted. By systematically researching the temporal-spatial features of the ophiolite mélange zones and their associated island arc-basin systems in Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, we reviewed the evolution history of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean (Longmuco-Shuanghu Ocean, Changning-Menglian Ocean), the Meso-Tethys Ocean (Bangong-Nujiang Ocean) and Neo-Tethys Ocean (Yarlung Zangbo Ocean), thus revealing the evolution process of the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic-paleogeographic pattern of the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
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图 1 青藏特提斯造山系晚古生代‒中生代洋板块构造‒地层区划图
据潘桂棠等（2013）、王立全等（2013）、张克信等(2020, 2021)修改；底图审图号：GS（2025）0754号
Fig. 1. The Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic tectonic-stratigraphic realms of the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
图 2 青藏特提造山系蛇绿混杂岩带及晚古生代‒中生代火山岩分布
图据王立全等（2013）、潘桂棠等（2013）、邢光福和冯益民（2015）、张克信等(2017,
2021) ；中国地图底图审图号：GS（2023）2766号Fig. 2. Distribution map of the subduction accretionary complex belts and Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
图 3 青藏特提斯造山系二叠纪‒三叠纪洋板块地层及相关的非洋板块地层序列格架
Fig. 3. The Permian-Triassic ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) and related non-OPS sequences in the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
图 4 青藏特提斯造山系侏罗纪‒白垩纪洋板块地层及相关的非洋板块地层序列格架
Fig. 4. The Jurassic-Cretaceous ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) and related non-OPS sequences in the Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
图 5 青藏特提斯造山系典型地区晚古生代‒中生代岩石地层综合柱状对比图
C2P1Q. 恰提尔群；P1-2j. 加温达坂组；P2kk. 空喀山口组；T1W. 万泉河群；T2h. 河尾滩组；T3k. 克勒青河组；J1B. 巴工布兰沙群；J2l. 龙山组；J3h. 红其拉普组；K2T. 铁隆滩群；PH. 黄羊岭群；TB. 巴颜喀拉山群；J1n. 年宝组；P1-2b. 冰峰组；P3g. 冈达概组；T1-2l. 领麦沟组；T2s. 三珠山组；T3q. 曲嘎寺组；T3t. 图姆沟组；T3lm. 喇嘛娅组；T3yz. 英珠阿娘组；P1c. 长蛇山组；P1-3x. 雪源河组；P3r. 热觉茶卡组；T1k. 康鲁组；T1y. 硬水泉组；T2k. 康南组；T3x. 肖茶卡组（T3x）；T3z. 藏夏河组；T3nd. 那底岗日组；J1-2q. 雀莫错组；J2b. 布曲组；J2x. 夏里组；J3s. 索瓦组；J3K1x. 雪山组；P.l.里查组；P1m. 莽错组；P2-3j. 交嘎组；P3t. 妥坝组；P3x. 夏牙组；T1-2m. 马拉松多组；T3j. 甲丕拉组；T3b. 波里拉组；T3a. 阿堵拉组；T3d. 夺盖拉组；J1j. 江布组；J2d. 东大桥组；J3x. 小索卡组；K1j. 景星组；K2n. 南新组；K2h.虎头寺组；C2P1l.龙洞河组；P2-3d. 大新山组；T2m. 忙怀组；T3xd. 小定西组；T3m. 芒汇河组；J2h. 花开左组；J3bz. 坝注路组；K2h. 虎头寺组；C2P1z. 展金组；P1q. 曲地组；P1-2t. 吞龙共巴组；P2l. 龙格组；P3j. 吉普日阿组；T1-2o. 欧拉组；T3r. 日干配错组；J1q. 曲色组；J2s. 色哇组；J2bl. 毕洛错组；J3b. 帮爱组；K1m. 美日切错组；K2a. 阿布山组；P1d. 丁家寨组；P1w. 卧牛寺组；P1-2b. 丙麻组；P2-3d. 大凹子组；P3n. 泥湾街组；T1-2x. 喜鹊林组；T3nh. 牛喝塘组；T3n. 南梳坝组；T3w. 湾甸坝组；J2m. 勐戛组；J2lw. 柳湾组；J2-3l.龙海组；K1n. 弄坎组；C2P1b. 邦读组；P1k. 空树洞组；P1-2d. 大东厂组；P2d. 大坝组；T3xf. 先锋营组；T3dy. 大洋火塘组；C2P1l. 拉嘎组；P1a. 昂杰组；P2-3x. 下拉组；P3T1-2m. 木纠错组；T1-2g. 嘎仁错组；T2-3z. 珠龙组；T3j. 江让组；T3d. 多布日组；J1X. 希湖群；J2-3j. 接奴群；J3K1Z. 则弄群；K1jg. 捷嘎组；J2ml. 马里组；J2sk. 桑卡拉佣组；J2-3l. 拉贡塘组；K1d. 多尼组；K1l. 朗山组；K2j. 竞柱山组；C2P1P. 旁多群；P1w. 乌鲁龙组；P2lb. 洛巴堆组；P3l. 列龙沟组；T1-2c. 查曲浦组；T3m. 麦隆岗组；T3J1jl. 甲拉浦组；J1-2y.叶巴组；J2q.却桑温泉组；J2-3d.多底沟组；K1lb. 林布宗组；K1c. 楚木龙组；K1t. 塔克拉组；J3K1S. 桑日群；K2s. 设兴组；P1p. 破林浦组；P1b. 比聋组；P1-2k. 康马组；P2-3b. 白定浦组；T1-2l. 吕村组；T3n. 涅如组；J1r. 日当组；J2z. 遮拉组；J3w. 维美组；桑秀组（J3K1s）；K1j. 甲不拉组；K2z. 宗卓组；K2c. 床得组；P1j. 基龙组；P3q. 曲布组；P3qb. 曲布日嘎组；T1ks. 康沙热组；T2lb. 赖布西组；T2zm. 扎木热组；T3ds. 达沙隆组；T3ql. 曲龙共巴组；T3dr. 德日荣组；J1p. 普普嘎组；J2n. 聂聂雄拉组；J2d. 定结组；J2-3m. 门卡墩组；K1g. 古错村组；K1gb. 岗巴东山组；K1cq. 察且拉组；K2g. 岗巴村口组；K2zs. 宗山组
Fig. 5. The Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic lithostratigraphic section of the key regions in Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
图 6 青藏特提斯晚古生代-中生代蛇绿混杂岩带、构造古地理演化和重大构造-气候事件时空关系
特提斯洋演化据Pan et al.(2012)、Zhu et al.(2016)、Xu et al.(2020)、吴福元等(2020)、Metcalfe(2021)、Hu et al.(2022)、Liu et al.(2023)、Shen et al.(2024b)
Fig. 6. The temporal-spatial features of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic ophiolite mélange zones, tectonic-paleogeographic evolution and key tectonic-climate event in Tethyan Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
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