Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Sediments of Hyporheic Zone within Lake Wetland
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摘要: 为了研究湖泊湿地潜流带沉积物中碳氮磷生态化学计量特征及其影响因素，在南洞庭湖湘江入湖口处湿地布设了4条监测剖面共16个钻孔，在0~10 m深度范围内共采集沉积物样品156件进行参数测试.运用相关性分析、冗余分析和结构方程模型等方法开展相关研究.结果表明，沉积物总碳（TC）、有机碳（SOC）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）含量均值分别为8.99、7.30、0.93和0.46 g/kg，具有随取样深度（H）增加而减小的特征.沉积物C/N、C/P和N/P的平均比值分别为10.46、46.51和5.06，具有很强的空间变异性.C/N和C/P较低说明有机氮和有机磷容易发生矿化作用，而较低的N/P则指示沉积物主要受到氮的限制.TC、SOC、TN、TP与H和氧化还原电位（Eh）显著负相关，与含水率（ω）显著正相关.H、Eh和ω是影响湿地沉积物碳氮磷含量及其生态化学计量特征的主要驱动因素.Abstract: In order to study the ecological stoichiometric characteristics and influencing factors of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) in sediments of the hyporheic zone within the lake wetland, 4 monitoring transections and 16 boreholes were set up in the wetland at the entrance of the Xiangjiang River in South Dongting Lake. A total of 156 sediment samples were collected for parameter testing within a depth range of 0-10 m. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling were applied in the investigation. The results indicate that the average contents of total carbon (TC), organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in sediment are 8.99, 7.30, 0.93, and 0.46 g/kg, respectively, which show a decreasing trend with increasing sampling depth (H). The average ratios of C/N, C/P, and N/P in sediments are 10.46, 46.51, and 5.06, respectively, with strong spatial variability. The lower C/N and C/P indicate that organic N and organic P are prone to mineralization, while lower N/P indicates that sediments are mainly limited by N. TC, SOC, TN and TP contents have a significant negative correlation with H and redox potential (Eh), and a significant positive correlation with water content (ω). H, Eh and ω are the main driving factors influencing C, N and P contents and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics in wetland sediments.
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图 1 研究区取样点分布及剖面岩性特征
Fig. 1. Distribution of sampling points and lithologic characteristics of the transection in the study area
图 2 湿地沉积物C、N、P含量的垂直分布
Fig. 2. Vertical distribution of C, N and P contents in wetland sediments
图 3 湿地沉积物C、N、P生态化学计量比垂直分布
Fig. 3. Vertical distribution of ecological stoichiometric ratios of C, N and P in wetland sediments
图 4 理化参数与C、N、P生态化学计量比冗余分析结果
Fig. 4. Redundancy analysis results of physicochemical parameters and ecological stoichiometric ratios of C, N and P
图 5 沉积物理化参数与生态化学计量比SEM模型
图a中椭圆表示潜变量，内部数值表示R2；箭头上数值表示路径系数；*表示P < 0.1，**表示P < 0.05，***表示P < 0.001，其他P > 0.05.图b~e分别表示TC、SOC、TN和TP含量的影响因素及影响程度. 图f~h分别表示C/N、C/P和N/P变化的影响因素及影响程度
Fig. 5. SEM model of sediment physicochemical parameters and ecological stoichiometric ratios
表 1 理化参数和C、N、P含量统计结果
Table 1. Statistical results of physicochemical parameters and C, N and P contents
pH Eh ω K ρ TC SOC TN
(g/kg)TP
(g/kg)C/N C/P N/P (mV) (%) (cm/s) (g/cm3) (g/kg) (g/kg) 最小值 4.25 -127 12.40 1.2×10-6 1.60 0.60 0.13 0.08 0.06 0.41 0.86 0.32 最大值 8.01 394 56.20 5.6×10-4 1.98 20.80 17.36 1.89 1.03 84.68 303.20 32.33 平均值 6.46 80 35.02 3.3×10-5 1.80 8.99 7.30 0.93 0.46 10.46 46.51 5.06 标准差 0.68 166 8.41 6.5×10-5 0.10 4.48 3.89 0.41 0.18 9.54 35.19 4.11 变异系数(%) 10.53 207.50 24.01 196.97 5.56 49.83 53.29 44.09 39.13 91.20 75.66 81.23 
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表 2 相关性分析结果
Table 2. Correlation analysis results
H pH Eh ω K ρ TC SOC TN TP C/N C/P N/P H 1 pH -0.02 1 Eh -0.63** -0.11 1 ω -0.07 0.15 -0.32** 1 K 0.07 -0.16 0.08 -0.02 1 ρ 0.16 -0.33** 0.32* -0.87** 0.06 1 TC -0.39** 0.02 -0.30** 0.33** -0.03 -0.06 1 SOC -0.29** 0.01 -0.29** 0.32** -0.06 -0.04 0.85** 1 TN -0.33** 0.05 -0.23* 0.45** -0.05 -0.07 0.68** 0.63** 1 TP -0.28** -0.09 -0.23* 0.25** 0.11 -0.02 0.46** 0.34** 0.52** 1 C/N 0.05 -0.08 -0.15 -0.18* -0.03 -0.05 0.18* 0.26** -0.31** -0.17* 1 C/P -0.16* 0.02 0.22 0.04 -0.11 0.07 0.34** 0.48** 0.21** -0.42** 0.30** 1 N/P -0.14 0.07 0.34** 0.05 -0.11 0.10 0.10 0.17** 0.36** -0.38** -0.16* 0.80** 1 注：*在0.05水平上显著相关，**在0.01水平上显著相关.
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表 3 理化参数和C、N、P含量对生态化学计量比贡献率
Table 3. Contribution of physicochemical parameters and C, N and P content to ecological stoichiometric ratio
理化参数 贡献率(%) F P TP 31.4 31.1 0.002 TN 23.7 13.7 0.002 TC 19.4 28.2 0.002 Eh 13.6 8.9 0.002 SOC 7.4 13.1 0.002 H 2.2 4.1 0.038 ω 1.7 3.2 0.074 K 0.3 0.5 0.524 pH 0.2 0.4 0.640 ρ 0.1 0.2 0.752
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