The Relationship between Regional Stress Field and Rock Landslide: A Case Study of the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 Earthquake
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摘要: 地球表面和内部发生的各种构造现象及其伴生的地质灾害都与区域应力场密切相关.然而，区域应力场与滑坡密度或规模的定量化关系认识尚不明确.基于考虑断层和地形影响的高分辨率三维应力场模型，结合岩体结构损伤数据，分析了2022年9月5日泸定Ms6.8级地震前后发生的岩质滑坡规模和面密度与不同应力参数的关系.结果表明，最大剪应力与岩质滑坡的面积上限和面密度之间存在显著正相关关系，最大剪应力高值区与地震前后岩质滑坡的空间分布高度吻合，90%以上的岩质滑坡所在区域的最大剪应力最小值为6.95 MPa.受地形与断层扰动的应力场控制了岩体结构面的发育，为岩质滑坡的形成创造了必要的物质条件.本研究强调了岩质滑坡的发生不仅仅是由随机因素触发的简单过程，而是一个受地应力、地形和地质结构影响的复杂过程.Abstract: Various tectonic phenomena occurring on and beneath the Earth's surface, and the associated geological disasters, are closely related to regional stress fields. However, the quantitative relationship between regional stress fields and landslide density or size is not yet clear. This paper utilizes a high-resolution three-dimensional stress field model that accounts for fault and topographic influences, combined with rock damage data, to analyze the relationship between the size and density of rock landslides and different stress parameters before and after the Luding Ms6.8 earthquake on September 5, 2022. The results indicate that stress field shows a strong correlation with rock landslides. A significant positive correlation exists between the maximum shear stress and both the upper area limit and density of rock landslides. Areas of high maximum shear stress align closely with the spatial distribution of rock landslides before and after the earthquake, with over 90% of the landslides occurring above a threshold of 6.95 MPa in maximum shear stress. The stress fields, disturbed by topography and faults, control the development of structural planes in the rock, creating the necessary material conditions for the formation of rock landslides. This study emphasizes that the occurrence of rock landslides is not merely a simple process triggered by random factors, but a complex process influenced by ground stress, topography, and geological structures.
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Key words:
- stress field /
- maximum shear stress /
- fault /
- rock landslide /
- rock damage /
- disaster geology
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图 2 滑坡分布与岩体结构
a.同震与震前滑坡分布；b. 基岩露头岩体结构面解译
Fig. 2. Landslide distribution and rock mass structure
图 3 滑坡分布特征
a. 岩质滑坡面密度分布特征；b. 岩质滑坡面积‒频率分布特征
Fig. 3. Distribution characteristics of landslides
图 5 研究区最大和最小主应力分布
a.最大主应力；b.最小主应力；c.沿AB剖面最大主应力分布；d.沿AB剖面最小主应力分布
Fig. 5. Distribution of maximum and minimum principal stresses in the study area
图 6 最大剪应力与同震、震前滑坡空间分布与统计
a. 同震、震前滑坡与最大剪应力空间对应关系；b. 同震、震前滑坡与最大剪应力统计分析
Fig. 6. Spatial distribution and statistics of maximum shear stress and landslide before and after earthquake
图 7 滑坡面积与最大剪应力相关性分析
a. 同震滑坡与最大剪应力的相关性；b. 震前滑坡与最大剪应力的相关性
Fig. 7. Correlation analysis between landslide area and maximum shear stress
图 8 同震、震前滑坡面密度与最大剪应力统计分析
Fig. 8. Statistical analysis of landslide areal density and maximum shear stress before and after earthquake
图 9 跨鲜水河断层剖面岩体结构面面密度
a.剖面1岩体结构面面密度；b.剖面2岩体结构面面密度. 剖面位置见图 2a
Fig. 9. Rock mass surface density across Xianshuihe fault section
表 1 遥感影像来源
Table 1. Data source of remote sensing images
时段 来源 日期 分辨率(m) 2022泸定地震震前 Google Earth Pro Multiple Multiple 2022泸定地震震后 Aerial images 2022.09.06‒2022.09.10 0.2 BJ-3A 2022.09.10 0.5 GF-6 2022.09.10 2 
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表 2 不同应力参数与岩质滑坡的相关性
Table 2. Correlation between different stress parameters and bedrock landslide
应力指标 岩质滑坡面积 岩质滑坡面密度 同震 震前 同震 震前 最大主应力 r=0.35
p=0.43r=-0.28
p=0.49r=0.83
p < 0.05r=0.53
p=0.09最小主应力 r=-0.89
p < 0.05r=-0.85
p < 0.05r=0.51
p=0.38r=-0.32
p=0.60最大剪应力 r=0.55
p < 0.05r=0.72
p < 0.05r=0.96
p < 0.000 1r=0.73
p < 0.05
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