Geological Characteristics and Their Coupling Relationship between Structural Evolution and Reservoir Formation of Paleozoic Oil Reservoirs in the Southern Section of the Western Edge of the Ordos Basin
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摘要: 基于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带南段古生界油藏勘探取得的地质、地震和分析化验资料，以2022年发现的首口古生界工业油流井YT3井为依据，结合乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组两套含油层系构造‒沉积背景，开展油源对比，定量恢复构造演化过程，系统分析古生界油藏成因与成藏‒构造耦合关系，构建非常规油藏成藏模式，预测评价勘探有利区.结果表明：（1）下古生界乌拉力克组原油是“单源”的，来自于同层位的泥质烃源岩，上古生界羊虎沟组油砂是“双源”的，为乌拉力克组泥质烃源岩和羊虎沟组煤系烃源岩共同贡献，两套烃源岩均具有生油能力，相比之下乌拉力克组烃源岩生油潜力较大；（2）构造平衡剖面法定量恢复揭示，“海西‒印支期差异沉降作用”是导致银洞子、沙井子冲断席乌拉力克组烃源岩“西高东低”成熟度差异以及油气相态有所不同的根本原因；（3）源储配置构建非常规油藏“双源双储”立体成藏模式，乌拉力克组发育“自生自储式”油藏，羊虎沟组发育“下生上储式”+“源内”油藏；（4）地质‒地震多属性融合预测区内乌拉力克组泥页岩有利勘探面积400 km2、羊虎沟组有利勘探面积300 km2，体积法估算西缘南段上、下古生界油藏总资源潜力1.0×108 t，是古生界油藏勘探的现实目标接替区.Abstract: Based on the geological, seismic, and analytical data obtained from the exploration of Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin thrust belt in the Ordos basin and based on the first Paleozoic industrial oil flow Well YT3 discovered in 2022, combined with the tectonic sedimentary background of the Wulalike Formation and Yanghugou Formation oil-bearing series, this study conducts a comparison of Paleozoic oil sources, quantitatively restores the structural evolution process, systematically analyzes the genesis and reservoir-structure coupling relationship of Paleozoic oil reservoirs, constructs unconventional oil reservoir accumulation models, predicts and evaluates favorable exploration areas.The study shows follows. (1) The crude oil of the Lower Paleozoic Wulalike Formation is "single source" from the same layer of mudstone source rocks, and the oil sand of the Upper Paleozoic Yanghugou Formation is "dual source", contributing to the joint contribution of the Wulalike Formation mudstone source rocks and the Yanghugou Formation coal-bearing source rocks. Both sets of source rocks have the ability to generate oil, and in comparison, the Wulalike Formation source rocks have a greater potential for oil generation. (2) The construction quantitative restoration of the balanced profile method reveals that the differential settlement effect during the Hercynian-Indosinian period is the fundamental reason for the differences in maturity of the source rocks of the Wulalike Formation in the Yindongzi and Shajingzi thrust faults, which is high in the west and low in the east, as well as the differences in oil and gas phases. (3) A "dual source and dual storage" stereoscopic reservoir formation model of unconventional oil reservoirs is constructed through the study of source and reservoir configuration relationship. The Wulalike Formation has developed "self generating and self storing" oil reservoirs, while the Yanghugou Formation has developed "bottom generating and upper storing" and "source in" oil reservoirs. (4) The geological seismic multi-attribute fusion prediction area has a favorable exploration area of 400 km2 for the Wulalike Formation shale and 300 km2 for the Yanghugou Formation.The volume method estimates the total resource potential of the Upper and Lower Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin to be 1.0×108 t, which is a realistic target replacement area for Paleozoic reservoir exploration.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段构造位置、乌拉力克组地层平面分布与古生界油气勘探生储盖组合
a.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带南段工区位置示意；b.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段乌拉力克组断层与地层厚度分布；c.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘冲断带南段古生界油气勘探生储盖组合
Fig. 1. Structural location of the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin, planar distribution of the Wulalike Formation strata, and source reservoir cap combination diagram of Paleozoic oil and gas exploration
图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏特征生物标志化合物参数油源判识
a.Ts/Tm与Ts/（Ts+Tm）交会图；b.C27-C28-C29-aaa（R）甾烷分布三角图
Fig. 2. Oil source identification map of characteristic biomarker compound parameters of Paleozoic reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地成熟度指数定量油源判识
a.延长组成熟度指数与镜质体反射率关系；b.西缘南段乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组样品成熟度指数直方图
Fig. 3. Quantitative oil source identification of maturity index in Ordos basin
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组及延长组样品谱系聚类分析
a.用于谱系聚类多元统计分析的生物标志物参数变量；b.盆地内22个样品谱系聚类图谱
Fig. 4. Sample pedigree clustering analysis of Wulalike Formation, Yanghugou Formation, and Yanchang Formation in the Ordos basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏烃源岩类型、成熟度及沉积环境判识
a.乌拉力克组烃源岩Tmax-降解率；b.乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组烃源岩最大热解峰温频率分布直方图；c.羊虎沟组烃源岩HI-Tmax岩石热解参数；d.羊虎沟组烃源岩C19+20-C21-C23三元相图
Fig. 5. Identification of source rock types, maturity, and sedimentary environment of Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏含油储层岩石学及储集空间类型特征
a.灰黑色硅质页岩，笔石发育，乌拉力克组，YT3井，4 106.13 m；b.灰黑色含云泥岩，见滑塌现象，乌拉力克组，YT2井，3 926.1 m；c.少量白云石溶蚀产生粒内溶孔，乌拉力克组，YT2井，3 861.18 m，扫描电镜；d.自生微晶石英可见晶间微孔，乌拉力克组，YT1井，1 499.55 m，扫描电镜；e.硅质页岩中见有机质孔，乌拉力克组，YT2井，3 877.68 m，扫描电镜；f.见莓球状黄铁矿及残余片状缝隙形态，乌拉力克组，YT3井，4 101.17 m，扫描电镜；g.硅质页岩中见开启微裂缝，乌拉力克组，YT3井，4 096.85 m，正交偏光；h.褐灰色油斑中砂岩，羊虎沟组，YT6井，3 047.21 m；i.石英砂岩，粒间孔，羊虎沟组，YT3井，2 287.4 m，单偏光；j.长石岩屑砂岩，长石溶孔，羊虎沟组，YT6井，3 029.77 m，单偏光；k.凝灰质溶孔，少量晶间孔，羊虎沟组，YT2井，2 341.20 m，单偏光；l.胶结粒间孔隙的板片状高岭石集合体发育晶间孔缝，羊虎沟组，YT6井，3 061.40 m，扫描电镜
Fig. 6. Petrography and reservoir space type characteristics of Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段YT3井乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组储层特征综合柱状图
Fig. 7. Comprehensive column chart of reservoir characteristics of Wulalike Formation and Yanghugou Formation in Well YT3, southern section of western margin of Ordos basin
图 8 YT3、YT6井乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组圈闭形态
a.YT3井；b.YT6井. T∈.寒武系底界；TO2w.奥陶系中统乌拉力克组底界；TC2y.石炭系羊虎沟组底界；TP.二叠系底界
Fig. 8. Trap morphology of Wulalike Formation and Yanghugou Formation in Well YT3 and Well YT6
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段地区H19XS5955测线叠前时间偏移剖面（地震剖面位置见图 1b）
T∈.寒武系底界；TO2.奥陶系中统底界；TP.石炭系底界；TT.三叠系底界；TJ.侏罗系底界；TK.白垩系底界
Fig. 9. Pre-stack time offset profile of H19XS5955 survey line in the southern section of the western edge of the Ordos basin (see Fig.1b for seismic profile location)
图 10 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段银洞子‒沙井子冲断席构造演化恢复剖面
Fig. 10. Evolution and recovery profile of Yindongzi-Shajingzi thrust sheet structure in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段YT1井（a）、YT3井（b）埋藏‒热演化史
Fig. 11. Burial thermal evolution history of Well YT1 (a) and Well YT3 (b) in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段乌拉力克组、羊虎沟组包裹体均一温度分布直方图与油气充注史
a.乌拉力克组盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图；b.乌拉力克组成藏期次；c.羊虎沟组盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图；d.羊虎沟组成藏期次
Fig. 12. Histogram of uniform temperature distribution and oil and gas filling history of the Wulalike Formation and Yanghugou Formation inclusions in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 13 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏立体成藏模式
Pt.元古界；Jx.蓟县系；∈.寒武系；O2.奥陶系中统；C2y.石炭系羊虎沟组；P.二叠系；T.三叠系；J.侏罗系
Fig. 13. Stereoscopic reservoir formation model of Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
图 14 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏有利区分布预测
a.乌拉力克组底部断裂展布与有利区分布预测；b. 羊虎沟组顶部断裂展布与有利区分布预测
Fig. 14. Prediction of distribution of favorable areas for Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏烃源岩地球化学特征
Table 1. Geochemical characteristics of source rocks in Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
层位 岩性 氯仿沥青“A”族组成 有机质丰度 有机质成熟度 干酪根类型 烃源岩形成环境 生烃母
质类型饱和烃（%） 芳烃
（%）非烃+沥青质（%） TOC（%） 生烃潜量S1+S2
(mg/g)Ro（%） Tmax（℃） 乌拉力克组 泥
页
岩57.46~75.37 4.67~14.68 1.31~28.33 0.14~1.24 0.04~2.93 0.92~1.15 430~552 Ⅰ-Ⅱ1
型为主海相 腐泥型
为主66.18/7 10.23/7 11.32/7 0.82/38 1.31/38 1.02/9 465.42/38 羊虎沟组 暗色泥岩 16.71~46.57 10.55~31.18 21.18~58.90 0.09~15.26 10.21~146.81 0.46~0.69 428~448 Ⅱ1型
为主海陆过
渡相腐殖腐泥
型为主29.71/17 20.68/17 43.17/17 6.06/41 35.48/41 0.55/9 438.43/15 煤 6.76~46.60 10.29~29.26 31.25~64.06 19.31~85.97 1.65~264.31 0.44~0.74 409~552 Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2
型为主31.47/18 17.71/18 43.60/18 71.30/25 163.94/25 0.57/12 440.64/14 注：/后为样品个数. 
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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地西缘南段古生界油藏资源量计算
Table 2. Calculation of resource quantity of Paleozoic oil reservoirs in the southern section of the western margin of the Ordos basin
层位 含油面积
S(km2)油层厚度
H(m)储层孔隙度φ(%) 储层含油饱和度So(%) 地面原油密度
ρ(g/cm3)原油体积系数B 总地质资源量Q(102t) 总地质资源量
Q(108t)乌拉力克组 400 30 1.13 45 0.81 1.20 411 885 0.412 羊虎沟组 300 15 5.00 40 0.80 1.20 600 000 0.600 合计 1.012 注：其中Q.总资源量，102t；S.含油面积，km2；H.油层厚度，m；φ.储层孔隙度，%；So.含油饱和度，%；ρ.原油密度，t/m3（通常看作g/cm3）；B.原油体积系数.
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