The Hydrocarbon Generation Characteristics of the Upper Paleozoic Coaly Bearing Source Rocks and Its Main Controlling Factors in the North of the Jizhong Depression
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摘要: 冀中坳陷位于渤海湾盆地西部，其古生界石炭‒二叠系煤系烃源岩具有很大的资源潜力，已在苏桥‒文安地区发现了与石炭‒二叠系煤系烃源岩有关的油气藏.但是目前对冀中坳陷古生界不同层段煤系烃源岩的生烃特征及其发育的主控因素认识不清，影响了下一步油气勘探决策.在前人研究基础上，对冀中坳陷东北部石炭‒二叠系煤系烃源岩有机地化特征进行分析，并挑选太原组和山西组煤样进行高温高压生烃动力学热模拟实验研究，探讨煤系源岩的生烃潜力和生烃机理，总结其发育的主控因素.研究结果表明，研究区内煤系烃源岩有机丰度高，具有较好的生烃潜力；太原组煤系烃源岩的有机质类型以Ⅱ2型和Ⅱ1型为主，山西组煤系烃源岩以Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主，多处于成熟阶段；太原组煤的生油气能力强于山西组，但山西组煤生气的活化能更低，更容易生成气；煤系烃源岩发育受沉积环境、古气候与古植物因素的控制，太原组煤主要形成于瀉湖泥炭沼泽成煤环境，山西组煤主要形成于三角洲平原泥炭沼成煤环境.综合以上研究建立了研究区的聚煤模式.该成果对该区的油气资源潜力评价具有重要的参考作用.Abstract: Jizhong depression is located in the west of Bohai Bay basin. Its Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks have great resource potential, of which related oil and gas reservoirs have been explored in Suqiao-Wen'an area in the depression. However, the hydrocarbon generation characteristics and petroleum resource potential of the coaly source rocks still remain unclear in the Jizhong depression, which seriously affects the oil and gas exploration. On the basis of previous research, in this paper it makes a detailed analysis of organic geochemical characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian coaly source rocks. The hydrocarbon generation potential and mechanism of selected coaly source rocks from Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation are also explored by the experiment of high temperature and high pressure hydrocarbon generation kinetics. The research shows that the organic abundance of coal source rocks in the study area is high, indicating good hydrocarbon generation potential. The organic matter types of Taiyuan Formation are mainly type II2 and type II1, and the organic matter types of Shanxi Formation are mainly type II2 and type III, which are mostly in the mature stage.The oil and gas generation capacity of Taiyuan Formation is stronger than that of Shanxi Formation, but the activation energy of coal in Shanxi Formation is lower and it is easier to generate gas. The development of coal-bearing source rocks is controlled by sedimentary environment, paleoclimate and paleoplant factors. The coal of Taiyuan Formation is mainly formed in the coal-forming environment of lagoon peat swamp, and the coal of Shanxi Formation is mainly formed in the coal-forming environment of delta plain peat swamp. On this basis, a coal accumulation model suitable for the study area has been established. This study plays an important supporting role in the evaluation of oil and gas resource potential in the study area.
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图 2 研究区构造演化剖面图（据尘福艳等，2012有所修改）
Fig. 2. Structural evolution profile of the study area (modified after Chen, 2012)
图 3 胜1井太原组上段煤岩显微组分荧光照片
Fig. 3. Fluorescence photos of macerals in upper Taiyuan Formation of Sheng 1 well
图 4 冀中坳陷东北部煤系烃源岩TOC与S1+S2关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between TOC and S1+S2 of coal- measure source rocks in northeastern Jizhong depression
图 5 冀中坳陷东北部煤系烃源岩氢指数与Tmax关系
a.暗色泥岩；b.炭质泥岩；c.煤岩
Fig. 5. The relationship between hydrogen index and Tmax of coal source rocks in the northeastern Jizhong depression
图 6 冀中坳陷东北部煤系烃源岩与深度和侵入岩关系
a.全区Ro统计；b.苏8井Ro分布
Fig. 6. The relationship between coal-measure source rocks and depth and intrusive rocks in the northeastern Jizhong depression
图 7 太原组煤热解实验气态烃产率
a.甲烷产率；b. 乙烷产率；c.丙烷产率；d. 总气态烃产率
Fig. 7. Gaseous hydrocarbon yield of Taiyuan Formation coal pyrolysis experiment
图 8 山西组煤热解实验气态烃产率
a.甲烷产率；b. 乙烷产率；c.丙烷产率；d. 总气态烃产率
Fig. 8. Gaseous hydrocarbon yield of Shanxi Formation coal pyrolysis experiment
图 11 太原组和山西组煤的气态烃转化率
Fig. 11. Gaseous hydrocarbon conversion rate of different groups of coal
图 12 太原组和山西组沉积相平面图和煤岩厚度分布
a.太原组下沉积相图；b. 山西组沉积相图；c.太原组下煤岩厚度；d.山西组煤岩厚度
Fig. 12. Sedimentary facies plan and coal rock thickness distribution map of Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation
图 13 冀中凹陷东北部不同层位煤岩生烃潜力直方图
Fig. 13. Histogram of hydrocarbon generation potential of coal rock in different layers in the northeastern Jizhong depression
图 14 冀中坳陷东北部煤系烃源岩沉积环境模式（据常嘉，2019修改）
Fig. 14. Sedimentary environment model of coal-measure source rocks in northeastern Jizhong depression (modified after Chang, 2019)
表 1 冀中坳陷东北部煤系烃源岩显微组分平均含量
Table 1. Average contents of macerals of coal-measure source rocks in northeastern Jizhong depression
地层 岩石类型 镜质组（%） 惰质组（%） 壳质组+腐泥组（%） 山西组 煤 46.70（15） 25.53（15） 27.77（15） 炭质泥岩 49.23（2） 46.70（2） 4.08（2） 暗色泥岩 77.90（2） 17.45（2） 4.20（2） 太原组上段 煤 59.01（9） 11.12（9） 29.88（9） 炭质泥岩 67.22（3） 4.59（3） 28.19（3） 暗色泥岩 74.33（1） 18.35（1） 7.33（1） 太原组下段 煤 46.57（5） 30.77（5） 22.66（5） 炭质泥岩 51.15（5） 19.97（5） 28.87（5） 暗色泥岩 75.40（1） 15.30（1） 9.30（1） 注：平均值（样品数）. 
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表 2 冀中凹陷东北部烃源岩有机碳含量（TOC）统计
Table 2. Statistics of total organic carbon (TOC) content of source rocks in northeastern Jizhong depression
有机质丰度 层位 山西组 太原组上段 太原组下段 岩石类型 TOC（%） 暗色泥岩 0.06~9.92 0.22~9.85 0.11~9.88 2.22（183） 3.02（115） 3.94（118） 炭质泥岩 10.11~39.8 10.19~38.56 10.05~39.50 20.63（32） 18.54（35） 20.99（50） 煤 40.70~88.61 42.95~82.72 40.03~91.08 56.65（29） 67.17（24） 58.03（29） 注：最小值~最大值；平均值（样品数）.
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表 3 冀中凹陷东北部烃源岩生烃潜力（S1+S2）统计
Table 3. Statistics of hydrocarbon generation potential (S1+S2) of source rocks in northeastern Jizhong depression
有机质丰度 层位 山西组 太原组上段 太原组下段 岩石类型 S1+S2（mg/g） 暗色泥岩 0.02~46.89
3.6（103）0.14~19.89
3.69（57）0.13~47.92
3.33（72）炭质泥岩 0.9~107.67
43.61（23）0.74~86.65
23.21（25）0.44~105.66
35.28（43）煤 0.52~198.43
92.94（24）42.3~273.28
98.12（17）40.35~209.22
89.17（23）注：最小值~最大值；平均值（样品数）
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表 4 实验样品地化参数
Table 4. Geochemical parameters of experimental samples
井位 层位 岩性 TOC S1 S2 Tmax（℃） Ro（%） HI （%） （mg/g） （mg/g） （mg/g·TOC） 埕古2 山西组 煤 75.46 3.87 148.6 443 0.72 196.9 胜1 太原组 60.98 6.76 140.7 430 0.67 230.8
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表 5 冀中凹陷东北部不同层位煤系源岩厚度
Table 5. The thickness of coal source rock in different layers in the northeastern Jizhong depression
层位 岩石类型 厚度（m） 厚值中心 主要沉积环境 山西组 暗色泥岩 20~100 文安斜坡、里坦凹陷 三角洲平原分流间湾 炭质泥岩 2~20 文安斜坡、大城凸起 煤 3~27 文安斜坡、大城凹陷 三角洲平原泥炭沼泽 太原组上段 暗色泥岩 10~80 文安斜坡、武清凹陷 瀉湖、潮坪 炭质泥岩 5~45 文安斜坡、里坦凹陷 煤 2~20 文安斜坡、武清凹陷 瀉湖泥炭沼泽 太原组下段 暗色泥岩 10~80 文安斜坡、武清凹陷 瀉湖、潮坪 炭质泥岩 5~35 文安斜坡、大城凸起 煤 2~40 文安斜坡、大城凸起 瀉湖泥炭沼泽
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