Differential Response of Ostracod Ontogeny after the End Permian Mass Extinction
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摘要: 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交发生了显生宙规模最大的生物灭绝事件，但介形虫仍有较为丰富的化石产出，为研究生物在灭绝与复苏过程中的适应性演化提供了重要载体.本研究以该时期浅海环境广泛分布的4个介形虫种为研究对象，对1 172个壳体大小进行了测量和数据分析，发现大灭绝事件后，介形虫的种群年龄结构、生长速率和体型大小均发生了一定程度的异常变化，但在不同相区、不同种和不同生长发育阶段之间的变化不尽相同，表明介形虫为应对大灭绝事件所采取的生存策略具有主动性、多样性和复杂性.Abstract: There are relatively abundant ostracod fossils remaining when the most critical mass extinction in the Phanerozoic occurs during the Permian-Triassic. These fossils provide an important carrier for studying the adaptive evolution of organisms undergoing the extinction and recovery. This research focuses on four ostracod species widely distributed in shallow marine environment during this period and measured and analyzed 1 172 valves/carapaces for length and height. The results display certain degree of abnormal variations take place in the ostracod instar structure, growth rate and body size following the mass extinction, but the changes vary among different sedimentary facies, species and ontogeny stages. This indicates that ostracods may have adopted proactive, diverse, and complex survival strategies in response to the mass extinction.
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Key words:
- Permian-Triassic /
- biological evolution /
- ostracoda /
- ontogeny /
- carapace size /
- stratigraphy /
- environmental impact
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图 1 研究剖面古地理位置（改自Scotese, 2014; Yin et al., 2014）
Fig. 1. Paleogeographical map showing locations of the studied sections (modified from Scotese, 2014; Yin et al., 2014)
图 3 Bairdia davehornei种群龄期划分及各龄期个体占比情况
Fig. 3. Division of ontogenic stages and proportion of individuals for each stage of Bairdia davehornei
图 4 Bairdia? kemerensis种群龄期划分及各龄期个体占比情况
Fig. 4. Division of ontogenic stages and proportion of individuals for each stage of Bairdia? kemerensis
图 5 Bairdiacypris ottomanensis种群龄期划分及各龄期个体占比情况
Fig. 5. Division of ontogenic stages and proportion of individuals for each stage of Bairdiacypris ottomanensis
图 6 Liuzhinia antalyaensis种群龄期划分及各龄期个体占比情况
Fig. 6. Division of ontogenic stages and proportion of individuals for each stage of Liuzhinia antalyaensis
图 7 四个种各发育阶段的生长速率变化
Fig. 7. Change in growth rate among ontogenic stages of the four studied species
图 8 四个种各龄期壳体大小分布箱形图
Fig. 8. Box and whisker plots of body size distribution of ostracod specimens at each ontogenic stage of the four studied species
表 1 四个种各幼年期生长速率
Table 1. Growth rate for each ontogenic stage of the four studied species
生长阶段 灭绝前 残存期 生长阶段 灭绝前 残存期 微生物岩相 非微生物岩相 微生物岩相 非微生物岩相 Bairdia davehornei Bairdiacypris ottomanensis A-1~A 1.18 1.21 - A-1~A 1.27 1.20 1.25 A-2~A-1 1.17 1.24 - A-2~A-1 1.24 1.30 1.22 A-3~A-2 1.25 1.22 - A-3~A-2 1.27 1.28 1.24 A-4~A-3 1.16 1.32 - A-4~A-3 1.23 1.25 1.31 A-5~A-4 1.24 - - A-5~A-4 1.31 - 1.42 A-4~A平均 1.19 1.25 - A-4~A平均 1.26 1.26 1.25 A-2~A平均 1.17 1.22 - A-2~A平均 1.26 1.25 1.23 Bairdia? kemerensis Liuzhinia antalyaensis A-1~A 1.23 1.18 1.17 A-1~A 1.17 1.15 1.14 A-2~A-1 1.16 1.11 1.13 A-2~A-1 1.22 1.17 1.09 A-3~A-2 1.28 - 1.13 A-3~A-2 1.28 1.25 1.25 A-4~A-3 - - 1.21 A-4~A-3 1.28 1.21 1.23 A-4~A平均 - - 1.16 A-4~A平均 1.24 1.20 1.18 A-2~A平均 1.19 1.15 1.15 A-2~A平均 1.19 1.16 1.12 
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