古DNA研究在地球生物学领域的应用

盛桂莲; 陶华林; 宋世文; 袁俊霞; 赖旭龙

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2024.155

古DNA研究在地球生物学领域的应用

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2024.155

盛桂莲^{1, 2, , ,},
陶华林^{1, 2},
宋世文^{1, 2},
袁俊霞^{1, 3},
赖旭龙^{1, 4, ,}

1.
中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430078
2.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 湖北武汉 430078
3.
中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院, 湖北武汉 430078
4.
中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42172027

国家自然科学基金项目 42472008

国家自然科学基金项目 41672017

国家自然科学基金项目 41472014

详细信息

作者简介:
盛桂莲（1975-），女，教授，博士生导师，主要从事第四纪古脊椎动物分子演化教学和科研工作

通讯作者:
盛桂莲，ORCID：0000-0003-2314-1650. E-mail：glsheng@cug.edu.cn

赖旭龙，E-mail: xllai@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P52
计量
- 文章访问数: 140
- HTML全文浏览量: 84
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-19
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-25

Applications of Ancient DNA Research in the Field of Geobiology

Sheng Guilian^{1, 2
, ,
,},
Tao Hualin^{1, 2},
Song Shiwen^{1, 2},
Yuan Junxia^{1, 3},
Lai Xulong^{1, 4
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
2.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
3.
Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 在地球生物学诸多分支学科中，分子古生物学融合了多学科理论和方法，在探讨地质历史时期生物的形成与演化及生物与环境的相互作用等问题时发挥了重要作用.古DNA是分子古生物研究的主要载体之一，能反映个体之间的遗传差异，为生物系统发生学、谱系地理学提供不可替代的、来自古代生物的实时遗传信息.部分灭绝物种或种群遗留在现生种群中的遗传成分，不仅反映了古代生物类群之间的基因交流历史，也为现生亲缘类群的生物保护提供借鉴.近些年来，随着古DNA提取和富集技术的进步，不依赖于生物实体遗存的沉积物古DNA成为后来居上的研究方向，在古生态系统重建及生物在气候环境变化背景下的生态适应等研究中凸显其重要性.本文重点解读了古DNA在生物系统发生学、生物谱系地理学、保护生物学及第四纪古环境古气候重建等地球生物学领域的典型应用实例及其重要意义，并对古DNA及古基因组在地球生物学领域的应用前景进行了展望.
- 地球生物学 /
- 古DNA /
- 系统发生学 /
- 谱系地理学 /
- 基因流 /
- 生态系统重建 /
- 沉积学 /
- 气候变化
Abstract: Among the many branches of geobiology, molecular palaeontology integrates multidisciplinary theories and methods, and plays an important role in exploring the speciation and evolution of organisms as well as the interaction between organisms and the environment in the geological history. Ancient DNA is one of the main carriers of molecular palaeontology research. It can reflect the genetic differences between individuals and provide irreplaceable real-time genetic information from ancient organisms for phylogeny and phylogeography. The genetic components legacy from some extinct groups to living populations not only reflect the history of gene flow between these groups and the ancestral populations of extant species, but also provide reference for protection of their living counterparts. In recent years, with the advancement of high-fragmented and trace amount DNA extraction and enrichment technologies, ancient DNA from sediments that does not rely on biological body fossils has become a rapid developing research direction, highlighting its importance in the reconstruction of ancient ecosystems and the ecological adaptation of organisms under the pressure of climate and environmental changes. This article focuses on the typical application examples and important significance of ancient DNA in geobiological fields in terms of phylogenetics, phylogeography, conservation biology, and Quaternary paleoenvironment and paleoclimate reconstruction, and looks forward to the application prospects of ancient DNA and ancient genomes in geobiology.
- geobiology /
- ancient DNA /
- phylogenetics /
- phylogeography /
- gene flow /
- ecosystem restoration /
- sedimentology /
- climate change

HTML全文

图 1 古DNA领域部分重要研究成果

Fig. 1. Representatives of the important research achievments in the field of ancient DNA

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于披毛犀完整线粒体基因组构建的贝叶斯系统发育树

图据Yuan et al.（2023）修改.以梅氏犀为外类群，分支节点处数字为分歧时间（上）及后验概率值（下）

Fig. 2. Bayesian phylogenetic tree constructed based on the complete mitochondrial genome of the woolly rhinoceros

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同时期大熊猫分布地理范围

图 3a基于Sheng et al.（2019）、李涛等（2004）修改；图 3b基于Wei（2022）修改

Fig. 3. Geographical range of giant panda in different periods

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 灭绝物种基因渗入对现生物种影响示意

基于Racimo et al.（2015）修改

Fig. 4. Schematic of gene flow from extinct species to extant species

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 沉积物动植物古DNA研究论文统计

Fig. 5. Statistics of ancient DNA studies on sedimentary flora and fauna

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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