• 中国出版政府奖提名奖

    中国百强科技报刊

    湖北出版政府奖

    中国高校百佳科技期刊

    中国最美期刊

    留言板

    尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

    姓名
    邮箱
    手机号码
    标题
    留言内容
    验证码

    火山岩油气藏勘探进展

    徐长贵 杨海风 王清斌 单玄龙 朱红涛 唐华风 侯明才 刘晓健

    徐长贵, 杨海风, 王清斌, 单玄龙, 朱红涛, 唐华风, 侯明才, 刘晓健, 2025. 火山岩油气藏勘探进展. 地球科学, 50(2): 363-376. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.011
    引用本文: 徐长贵, 杨海风, 王清斌, 单玄龙, 朱红涛, 唐华风, 侯明才, 刘晓健, 2025. 火山岩油气藏勘探进展. 地球科学, 50(2): 363-376. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.011
    Xu Changgui, Yang Haifeng, Wang Qingbin, Shan Xuanlong, Zhu Hongtao, Tang Huafeng, Hou Mingcai, Liu Xiaojian, 2025. Progress in Exploration of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs. Earth Science, 50(2): 363-376. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.011
    Citation: Xu Changgui, Yang Haifeng, Wang Qingbin, Shan Xuanlong, Zhu Hongtao, Tang Huafeng, Hou Mingcai, Liu Xiaojian, 2025. Progress in Exploration of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs. Earth Science, 50(2): 363-376. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.011

    火山岩油气藏勘探进展

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.011
    基金项目: 

    国家科技重大专项 2016ZX05024-003-001

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      徐长贵(1971-),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,石油地质与综合勘探.E-mail:xuchg@cnooc.com.cn

    • 中图分类号: P618.13

    Progress in Exploration of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs

    • 摘要: 盆地深层火山岩油气藏是重要的勘探目标,受到广泛重视. 勘探成果显示各类岩性均有高产井,其中流纹岩单井产能最高,从储量增长来看,中国已成为火山勘探的主体. 火山岩勘探突破需要长达数十年的勘探和研究的积累,勘探发现呈现出螺旋式上升;环太平洋构造域、特提斯构造域、中亚造山带构造域储量占比分别为44%、33%、16%,其他地区储量占比7%;中生界地层、新生界地层和古生界地层的火山岩探明储量占比分别为43%、38%和19%;从储量来看,熔岩、碎屑熔岩和火山碎屑岩占比分别为61%、31%和8%,玄武岩、流纹岩和粗面岩储层中储量占比分别为41%、13%和6%. 火山岩储层分布规律的认识大致可划分为“参照沉积岩研究方法阶段”和“火山地层学理论阶段”,火山岩储层主控因素主要表现为地层堆积单元控制储层品质、构造作用和风化作用是催化剂、深部流体溶蚀是增孔关键、地层超压和弱胶结是火山碎屑岩保孔必要条件. 多种因素叠加促进多层连通规模性复合储集体的形成. 火山岩油气藏可以分为构造、构造-岩性、岩性油气藏3种主要类型. 火山机构识别与有利岩相预测技术、火山岩储层成因研究技术和有利储层预测技术为火山岩勘探目标锁定提供了强力支撑.

       

    • 图  1  全球火山岩油气藏高产井和产层岩性统计

      数据来源于Sutan Assrn and Tarunadjaja(1972)Sawyer(1975)Katahira and Ukai(1976)Bortz(1983)Patton(1993)Grabb(1994)Belotti and Rebori(1995)Kartanegara et al.(1996)冯志强(2006)刘鑫等(2019)刘宝鸿等(2020);周家雄等(2024)

      Fig.  1.  Statistics of lithology of oil and gas pay and high-yield Wells in global volcanic reservoirs

      图  3  火山岩油气藏赋存特征(油当量)

      a.地层年代特征;b.岩性特征;数据来源同图 2

      Fig.  3.  Occurrence characteristics of volcanic reservoirs (oil equivalent)

      图  4  火山岩储层与埋深的关系

      增加了渤海海域中生界火山岩孔隙度和渗透率资料;据Wang et al.(2015)Tang et al.(2022)修改

      Fig.  4.  Relationship between volcanic reservoir parameters and burial depth

      图  5  渤海海域中生界火山岩裂缝与溶蚀孔的相关性特征

      Fig.  5.  Correlation characteristics between fractures and dissolution pores in Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Bohai Sea

      图  6  机械压实条件下火山碎屑的初始孔隙度与孔隙度减少量的关系(据郭天婵,2023

      Fig.  6.  Relationship between initial porosity and porosity reduction of pyroclasts under mechanical compaction (after Guo, 2023)

      图  7  渤中8-3S中生界火山岩构造气藏模式

      Fig.  7.  Hydrocarbon accumulation model of Mesozoic primary stratigraphic volcanic rocks in Bozhong 8-3S structure

      图  8  准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩构造-岩性油藏模式(据Li et al., 2018)

      Fig.  8.  Structural-lithologic reservoir model of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Junggar Basin(after Li et al., 2018)

      图  9  松辽盆地火山岩岩性油气藏模式(据冯子辉等, 2014)

      Fig.  9.  Volcanic rock lithology reservoir model in Songliao Basin (according to Feng et al., 2014)

      图  10  渤海湾盆地火山岩典型地震相模式

      Fig.  10.  Typical seismic facies models of volcanic rocks in Bohai Bay Basin

    • Batchelor, A. S., 2000. Hydrocarbon Production from Fractured Basementformations. Geoscience Ltd., Fahnouth, Cornwall, Online Publication, Version 6, November, Unpaginated.
      Belotti, H. J., Rebori, O. I., 1995. Igneous reservoirs in triangle zones, Neuqu6n Basin, Argentina. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Annual Convention, Meeting Abstracts, 4, 8A.
      Bergman, S. C., 1992. "The Kola Miocene Submarine Andesite Stratovolcano Hydrocarbon Reservoir, Northern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. " Proc. New Zealand Oil Expl. Conf.
      Bortz, L. C., 1983. Hydrocarbons in the Northern Basin and Range Province, Nevada. In: The Role of Heat in Development of Energy and Mineral Resources in the Northern Basin and Range Province. Geothermal Resources Council, Special Reports, 13: 179-197.
      Cao, B. J., Liu, D. H., 2004. Distribution, Exploration and Development of Volcanic Reservoir. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 11(1): 18-20, 103(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Chen, S. M., 2015. Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation Mechanism of Volcanic Reservoirs in Eastern and Western China. Natural Gas Industry, 35(4): 16-24(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Feng, Z. H., Yin, C. H., Liu, J. J., et al., 2014. Formation Mechanism of In-Situ Volcanic Reservoirs in Eastern China: a Case Study from Xushen Gasfield in Songliao Basin. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 44(10): 2221-2237(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1360/zd-2014-44-10-2221
      Feng, Z. Q., 2006. Exploration Potential of Large Qingshen Gas Field in the Songliao Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 26(6): 1-5, 153(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Flanigan, T., 1989. Borehole Evaluation and Completion: Carbonate, Volcanic, Clastic Reservoirs of Nevada. Oil & Gas Journal, 87 (43): 92, 94-96.
      French, D. E., Feeeman, K. J., 1979. Tertiary Volcanic Stratigraphy and Reservoir Characteristics of Trap Spring Field, Nye County, Nevada. In: Newman, G. W., Goode, H. D., eds., Basin and Range Symposium. Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists. Utah Geological Association, Utah, 487-502.
      Fu, Q., 2017. Status and Prospect of Igneous Oil and Gas Exploration and Development in China. Oil Drilling & Production Technology, 39(1): 25-32(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Grabb, R., 1994. Sand Spring Oil Field, Railroad Valley, Nye County, Nevada. In: Schalla, R. A., Johnson, E. H., eds., Oil Fields of the Great Basin. Nevada Petroleum Society, Reno, 241-252.
      Guo, T. C., 2023. Quantitative Analysis of Pyroclastic Compaction: a Case Study of Quaternary Volcanic Eruption in Eastern Jilin Province(Dissertation). Jilin University, Changchun(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Hart, A., 2001. New Zealand Potential. Oil & Gas Journal, 99(30): 40-43.
      Hu, S. Y., Li, J. Z., Wang, T. S., et al., 2020. Potential Analysis of Oil and Gas Resources in China and Thoughts on Exploration Selection Area. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 42(5): 813-823(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Kartanegara, A. L., Baik, R. N., Ibrahim, M. A., 1996. Volcanics Oil Bearing in Indonesia. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, A73.
      Katahira, . T., Ukai, M., 1976. Petroleum Fields of Japan with Volcanic-Rock Reservoirs: Summary. In: Halbouty, M. T., Maher, J. C., Lian, H. M., eds., Circum-Pacific Energy and Mineral Resources. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 25: 276-279.
      Li, H., Tang, H. M., Qin, Q. R., et al., 2018. Reservoir Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Carboniferous Volcanic Weathered Crust of Zhongguai High Area in the Western Junggar Basin, China. Journal of Central South University, 25(11): 2785-2801. doi: 10.1007/s11771-018-3953-y
      Li, R. L., Yang, L. Y., Zhu, J. F., et al., 2023. Volcanic Reservoir Characteristics and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Control Factors of Rift Depressions in Southern Songliao Basin. Earth Science Frontiers, 30(4): 100-111(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Liu, B. H., Zhang, B., Guo, Q., et al., 2020. Discovery and Exploration Inspiration of Deep Volcanic Gas Reservoirs in Eastern Sag of Liaohe Depression. China Petroleum Exploration, 25(3): 33-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Liu, J. Q., Meng, F. C., Cui, Y., et al., 2010. Discussion on the Formation Mechanism of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 26(1): 1-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Liu, X., Xia, M. L., Wu, Y. Y., et al., 2019. Characteristics of Permian Volcaniclastic Lava Reservoirs in Yongtan 1 Well, Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 42(4): 28-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Liu, B. H., Zhang, B., Guo, Q., et al., 2020. Discovery and Exploration Inspiration of Deep Volcanic Gas Reservoirs in Eastern Sag of Liaohe Depression. China Petroleum Exploration, 25: 33-43. https://doi.org/10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-7703.2020.03.004
      Liu, X., Xia, M. L., Wu, Y. Y., et al., 2019. Characteristics of Permian Volcaniclastic Lava Reservoirs in Yongtan 1 well, Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 42(4): 28-36.
      Lu, B. Q., Zhang, Y. J., Wang, H. G., et al., 2003. Present and Prospect of Cenozoic/Mesozoic Volcanic Rock Oil and Gas Accumulations in East of China. Offshore Oil, 23(4): 9-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Ma, X. H., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., et al., 2019. A Major Discovery in Permian Volcanic Rock Gas Reservoir Exploration in the Sichuan Basin and Its Implications. Natural Gas Industry, 39(2): 1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Magara, K., 1968. Compaction and Migration of Fluids in Miocene Mudstone, Nagaoka Plain, Japan. AAPG Bulletin, 52: 2466-2501. https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25C58D-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
      Niu, J. Y., Zhang, Y. H., Yuan, X. J., et al., 2003. Petroleum Geology Study, Oil and Gas Exploration Future and Problems Faced in Mesozoic and Cenozoic Igneous Rocks in Eastern China. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 10(1): 7-12, 21-112(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Patton, D. K., 1993. Samgori Field, Republic of Georgia: Critical Review of Island-Arc Oil and Gas. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 16(2): 153-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.1993.tb00103.x
      Peres, D. A., Giordano, J. D., 1988. Igneous Rocks as Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Malargue, Argentina. SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium. SPWLA: SPWLA-1988-Z.
      Sato, O., Sato, T., 1992. Basalts of Nishikurosawa Stage of Early to Middle Miocene in the Akita and the Niigata Oil Fields, Northeast Japan. Sekiyu Gijutsu Kyokaishi, 57(1): 91-102.
      Sawyer, J. H., 1975. Latin America after 1920. In: Owen, E. L., ed., Trek of the Oil Finders: a History of Exploration for Petroleum. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 6: 960-1251.
      Schutter, S. R., 2003. Hydrocarbon Occurrence and Exploration in and around Igneous Rocks. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 214(1): 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.214.01.02
      Schutter, S. R., 2003. Occurrences of Hydrocarbons in and around Igneous Rocks. Geological Society of London Special Publications, 214(1): 35-68. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.214.01.03
      Sembodo. 1973. Notes on Formation Evaluation in the Jatibarang Volcanic Reservoir. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2nd Annual Convention, Proceedings, 131-147.
      Shan, X. L., Zou, Y. J., Yi, J., et al., 2024. Progress of Basin Volcanic Facies: New Results of Intermediate-Mafic Volcanic Lava and Volcanic Facies of Subaqueous Eruption. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 54(3): 721-734(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Sutan Assrn, N. A. D., Tarunadjaja, A. N. S., 1972. Djatibarang, the Discovery and Development of a New Oil Field. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 1st Annual Convention, Proceedings, 125-137.
      Tang, H. F., Tian, Z. W., Gao, Y. F., et al., 2022. Review of Volcanic Geology in China. Earth-Science Reviews, 232: 104158 doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104158
      Tang, H. F., Wang, L. L., Wu, H. C., et al., 2023. Possible Geological Interpretation of the Volcanic Seismic Facies Based on Volcanostratigraphy Elements: a Case Analysis of the Yingcheng Formation in the Changling Fault Depression, Songliao Basin, NE China. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 225: 211668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoen.2023.211668
      Tang, H. F., Bian, W. H., Wang, P. J., et al., 2023. Classification and Model of Volcanic Facies in the Basin. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 53(6): 1651-1671(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Dai, Y. L., Guo, T. C., et al., 2020. Distribution Pattern of Reservoirs in the Extrusive Volcanic Edifice: a Case Study of the Yitong Volcanoes. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(7): 809-820(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Li, R. L., Wu, Y. H., et al., 2011. Textural Characteristics of Volcanic Strata and Its Constraint to Impedance Inversion. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 54(2): 620-627(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Pang, Y. M., Bian, W. H., et al., 2008. Quantitative Analysis on Reservoirs in Volcanic Edifice of Early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in Songliao Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 29(6): 841-845, 852(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Sun, H. B., Gao, Y. F., et al., 2013. Types and Characteristics of Volcanostratigraphic Boundary and Its Signification of Reservoirs. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 43(5): 1320-1329(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Tao, P., Bischoff, A., et al., 2022. High-Resolution Stratigraphic Framework of Miocene Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Earth Science, 47(7): 2631-2645(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Wang, H. F., Kennedy, B., et al., 2021. Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Volcanic Reservoirs of Subaqueous Pyroclastic Rocks: an Analysis of the Miocene Kora Volcano in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Earth Science Frontiers, 28(1): 375-387(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Wang, P. J., 2024. Introduction and Application of Basin Volcanic Stratigraphy. : Science Press, Beijing(in Chinese).
      Tang, H. F., Wang, P. J., Bian, W. H., et al., 2020. Review of Volcanic Reservoir Geology. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 41(12): 1744-1773(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Tang, H. F., Tao, P., Bischoff, A. P., et al., 2022. High-Resolution Stratigraphic Framework of Miocene Kora Volcano in Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Journal of Earth Science, 47(7): 2631-2645.
      Vergani, G. D., Tankard, A. J., Belotti, H. J., et al., 1995. Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. https://archives.datapages.com/data/meta/cspg_sp/data/CSPG-SP-017/017001/pdfs/277_firstpage.pdf
      Wang, H. F., Hu, J. S., Zou, M. Z., et al., 2024. Mesozoic Volcanic Facies Model and Reservoir Characteristics in the Southern Slope of Laizhou Bay Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 98(6): 1814-1828(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Wang, P. J., Chi, Y. L., Liu, W. Z., et al., 2003. Volcanic Facies of the Songliao Basin: Classification, Characteristics and Reservoir Significance. Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology, 33(4): 449-456(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Wang, P. J., Chen, S. M., 2015. Cretaceous Volcanic Reservoirs and Their Exploration in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China. AAPG Bulletin, 99(3): 499-523.
      Xu, C. G., Zhang, G. C., Huang, S. B., et al., 2024. Formation of Large- and Medium-Sized Cretaceous Volcanic Reservoirs in the Offshore Bohai Bay Basin, East China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 51(3): 467-477(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Zhang, Y., Liu, Z. F., Zhu, W. Q., et al., 2024. Facies Architecture and Reservoir Significances of Subaqueous Lava Flow: a Case Study of Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Yixian Area. World Geology, 43(2): 255-262(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Zhang, H. J., Li, Y. Q., Zhang, X., 2019. Exploration History of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs in China. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Social Science Edition), 28(1): 67-72.
      Zhang, Y., Liu, Z. F., Zhu, W. Q., et al., 2024. Facies Architecture and Reservoir Significances of Subaqueous Lava Flow: a Case Study of Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Yixian Area. World Geology, 43(2) : 255-262.
      Zhao, W. Z., Zou, C. N., Li, J. Z., et al., 2009. Comparative Study on Volcanic Hydrocarbon Accumulations in Western and Eastern China and Its Significance. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 36(1): 1-11(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Zhou, J. X., Xu, C. Q., Huang, Z., et al., 2024. Formation Conditions of BZ8-3S Large-Scale Volcanic Reservoir in Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Earth Science: 1-21. (2024-04-15). http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detailaspx?filename=DQKX2024040500I&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Zou, C. N., Hou, L. H., Tao, S. Z., et al., 2011. Structure of Weathered Body of Carboniferous Large Volcanic Rocks and Formation Oil and Gas Accumulation Mechanism in Northern Xinjiang. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 41(11): 1613-1626(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Zou, C. N., Zhao, W. Z., Jia, C. Z., et al., 2008. Formation and Distribution of Volcanic Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in Sedimentary Basins of China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 35(3): 257-271(in Chinese with English abstract).
      Zuo, G. P., Tu, X. L., Xia, J. F., 2012. Study on Volcanic Reservoir Types in Subei Exploration Area. Lithologic Reservoirs, 24(2): 37-41(in Chinese with English abstract).
      曹宝军, 刘德华, 2004. 浅析火山岩油气藏分布与勘探、开发特征. 特种油气藏, 11(1): 18-20, 103.
      陈树民, 2015. 中国东、西部火山岩油气藏运聚成藏机理. 天然气工业, 35(4): 16-24.
      冯志强, 2006. 松辽盆地庆深大型气田的勘探前景. 天然气工业, 26(6): 1-5, 153.
      冯子辉, 印长海, 刘家军, 等, 2014. 中国东部原位火山岩油气藏的形成机制: 以松辽盆地徐深气田为例. 中国科学: 地球科学, 44(10): 2221-2237.
      付茜, 2017. 中国火成岩油气勘探开发现状及展望. 石油钻采工艺, 39(1): 25-32.
      郭天婵, 2023. 火山碎屑压实作用量化分析研究: 以吉林省东部第四纪火山喷发物为例(博士毕业论文). 长春: 吉林大学.
      胡素云, 李建忠, 王铜山, 等, 2020. 中国石油油气资源潜力分析与勘探选区思考. 石油实验地质, 42(5): 813-823.
      李瑞磊, 杨立英, 朱建峰, 等, 2023. 松辽盆地南部断陷层火山岩储层特征及油气成藏主控因素. 地学前缘, 30(4): 100-111.
      刘宝鸿, 张斌, 郭强, 等, 2020. 辽河坳陷东部凹陷深层火山岩气藏的发现与勘探启示. 中国石油勘探, 25(3): 33-43.
      刘嘉麒, 孟凡超, 崔岩, 等, 2010. 试论火山岩油气藏成藏机理. 岩石学报, 26(1): 1-13.
      刘鑫, 夏茂龙, 吴煜宇, 等, 2019. 四川盆地永探1井二叠系火山碎屑熔岩储层特征. 天然气勘探与开发, 42(4): 28-36.
      吕炳全, 张彦军, 王红罡, 等, 2003. 中国东部中、新生代火山岩油气藏的现状与展望. 海洋石油, 23(4): 9-11.
      马新华, 杨雨, 张健, 等, 2019. 四川盆地二叠系火山碎屑岩气藏勘探重大发现及其启示. 天然气工业, 39(2): 1-8.
      牛嘉玉, 张映红, 袁选俊, 等, 2003. 中国东部中、新生代火成岩石油地质研究、油气勘探前景及面临问题. 特种油气藏, 10(1): 7-12, 21-112.
      王海峰, 户景松, 邹明倬, 等, 2024. 渤海湾盆地莱州湾凹陷南斜坡中生界火山岩相模式和储层特征. 地质学报, 98(6): 1814-1828.
      王璞珺, 迟元林, 刘万洙, 等, 2003. 松辽盆地火山岩相: 类型、特征和储层意义. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 33(4): 449-456.
    • 加载中
    图(10)
    计量
    • 文章访问数:  736
    • HTML全文浏览量:  285
    • PDF下载量:  164
    • 被引次数: 0
    出版历程
    • 收稿日期:  2024-12-23
    • 刊出日期:  2025-02-25

    目录

      /

      返回文章
      返回