从地球生物学到天体生物学

罗根明; 王畅; 殷宗军; 沈冰; 林巍; 屈原皋

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.013

从地球生物学到天体生物学

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.013

罗根明^1, ,,
王畅¹,
殷宗军^{2, 3},
沈冰⁴,
林巍⁵,
屈原皋⁶

1.
中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室, 行星地质与深空探测湖北省重点实验室, 地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所, 古生物学与油气地层应用全国重点实验室, 江苏南京 210008
3.
中国科学院大学南京学院, 江苏南京 211135
4.
北京大学造山带与地壳演化教育部重点实验室, 地球与空间科学学院, 北京 100871
5.
中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 中国科学院地球与行星物理重点实验室, 北京 100029
6.
中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所, 海南三亚 572000

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42425305

详细信息

作者简介:
罗根明（1984-），男，教授，博士，从事地球生物学和天体生物学方面的研究及教学工作.ORCID：0000-0001-5496-6474. E-mail：gmluo@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-25

From Geobiology to Astrobiology

Luo Genming^{1
,
,},
Wang Chang¹,
Yin Zongjun^{2, 3},
Shen Bing⁴,
Lin Wei⁵,
Qu Yuangao⁶

1.
State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, Hubei Key Laboratory of Planetary Geology and Deep-Space Exploration, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Petroleum Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3.
Nanjing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
4.
MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
5.
CAS Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
6.
Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China

摘要

摘要: 我们在宇宙中是否独一无二？地球生命是在何处以及如何起源？这些全人类孜孜以求的重大科学问题正是天体生物学研究的核心问题.伴随着深空探测技术的提高和工程任务的开展，我们比以往任何时候都更有可能回答上述问题.地球是迄今为止唯一确认孕育生命的星球，地球生物学的研究对地外生命的探寻具有重要的指导意义.为了更好地推动天体生物学的发展，本文介绍了地球生物学和天体生物学内涵和简要发展历史.在此基础上，围绕天体生物学所关注的宜居性和生命的形成与演化这两个不同层次的核心科学问题，阐述了天体宜居性所要满足的条件，分析如何判断宜居环境是否孕育了生命.最后提出了地球生物学需要加强的3方面研究，分别为早期地球宜居性演化、极端环境的生命特征和记录，以及生命信号的构建.
- 宜居性 /
- 生命信号 /
- 早期地球 /
- 极端环境 /
- 地质微生物 /
- 天体生物学 /
- 生态系统
Abstract: Are we alone in the Universe? How and where did life on Earth arise? These are the fundamental questions that we assiduously seek to solve and the core questions of astrobiology. With the significant advances in deep space exploration technology, we are much closer than ever before to answering these questions. Since Earth is the only planet known to has been supporting life with a history spanning over 3.5 billion years, the study of geobiology can effectively promote the development of astrobiology. In order to speed up the development of astrobiology, this paper first introduces the connotations and brief development histories of geobiology and astrobiology and demonstrates the two core scientific issues of astrobiology, namely habitability and the origin and evolution of life. The following session discusses the four components of the habitability of celestial bodies and how to determine whether the habitable environment produces life. The paper proposes three aspects that require further enhancement to connect geobiology and astrobiology: the evolution of early Earth's habitable environment, the features of life in extreme environments, and the identification of biosignature.
- habitability /
- biosignature /
- early Earth /
- extreme environment /
- geomicrobiology /
- astrobiology /
- ecosystems

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图 1 环境宜居性的4个核心要素

只有当4个要素全部满足时才是宜居环境.时间表示环境宜居性不是永恒不变的，而是随时间呈动态变化.修改自National Academies of Sciences，Engineering，and Medicine（2023）

Fig. 1. The four principal components of the habitability of an environment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于恒星大小及行星距恒星的距离所划分的宜居带（habitable zone），该宜居带范围可以维持行星表面保留液态水

冰质卫星（Europa、Titan、Ganymede和Enceladus）的发现表明在传统宜居带之外的天体的地下深部可存在液态水，扩宽了宜居带的范围.修改自Grasset et al.（2013）

Fig. 2. The original model of the habitable zone according to the relative size of the host star and the distance of the planet from this star to model where water could be present in surface environments

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图 3 地球生物学基于早期地球、现代地球极端环境和~40亿年的生物与环境相互作用和协同演化历史的研究，通过宜居环境识别和生命信号构建两个途径服务于天体生物学研究

Fig. 3. Research topics in Geobiology, such as the habitability of early Earth, life in the extreme environments of modern Earth, and the ca. 4.0 billion-year history of the interactions and coevolution of life and environment, which provide insights into the research of astrobiology from the perspectives of habitability identification and biosignatures reconstruction

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图 4 早期地球主要环境参数和潜在生命信号揭示的早期生命演化特征（右，参考文献见正文）及前生命进化的主要阶段（左，Joyce, 2002）

修改自National Academies of Sciences，Engineering，and Medicine（2023）.LUCA. 最后共同祖先.文献来源：pO₂参考Luo et al.（2022）；pCH₄来自Catling and Zahnle（2020）；温度的记录参考Knauth and Lowe（2003）、Robert and Chaussidon（2006）、Hren et al.（2009）、Blake et al.（2010）和Lowe et al.（2020）；海水pH值修改自Halevy and Bachan（2017）

Fig. 4. The main environmental parameters of early Earth and the characteristics of early life on Earth revealed by the potential biosignatures (right, see the main text for the references), and the main stages of prebiotic evolution are summarized in the left panel (Joyce, 2002)

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图 5 地外环境模拟舱的主体组成部分，包括球形腔体及各种外置设备

Fig. 5. Facility of laboratory simulation of space environments, including the spheric main chamber and many inlet subsystems

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