Characteristics of Sound Velocity Structure in Deep Water Sediments of West Philippine Sea
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摘要: 深海沉积物的声速是构建海洋环境声场的基础.对西菲律宾海4 818~6 630 m深水海域获取的海底沉积物柱状样的纵波波速、湿密度、孔隙度以及中值粒径等参数进行了测试与分析，阐明了研究海域海底沉积物声学与物理参数基本特征及垂向变化特征，探讨了物理参数对声速的影响，并对实测数据及经验方程预测值进行对比，提出了研究区海底沉积物四种典型声速结构.结果表明，沉积物纵波波速分布在1 455~1 674 m/s之间，孔隙度介于61.71%~69.63%之间，湿密度介于1.26~1.62 g/cm3之间，中值粒径介于7.75~8.42 Φ之间.研究区沉积物各参数随着埋深变化规律各有差异，密度对声速的影响要优于孔隙度和中值粒径.通过与底层海水声速、同层内声速剖面以及与上层海底沉积物下表面声速的比较，建立了研究区低声速表面‒低声速层‒声速减小类型（GMI1）、低声速表面‒高声速层‒声速增大类型（GMI2）、高声速表面‒低声速层‒声速减小类型（GMII1型）、高声速表面‒高声速层‒声速增大类型（GMII2）四种声速结构模型；中央裂谷带南部（A区）和北部（B区）两个区域沉积物的声学特性与声速梯度变化存在显著差异，其中A区可分为GMII1型和GMII1-GMI1型，而B区可划分为GMI2型和GMI1-GMII2型.Abstract: The sound velocity of deep-sea sediments is fundamental for constructing the acoustic field of the marine environment. This article tests and analyzes parameters such as longitudinal wave velocity, wet density, porosity, and median particle size of sediment column samples obtained from the deep waters of 4 818-6 630 m in the West Philippine Sea. It elucidates the basic characteristics and vertical variations of acoustic and physical parameters of seabed sediments in the study area, explores the relationship between physical parameters and sound velocity, compares measured data with empirical equation predictions, and proposes four typical sound velocity structures of seabed sediments in the study area. The results show that the longitudinal wave velocity distribution of sediment ranges from 1 460 to 1 674 m/s, the porosity ranges from 62.07% to 69.54%, the wet density varies from 1.34 to 1.62 g/cm3, and the median particle size varies from 7.75 to 8.40 Φ. The sediment parameters in the study area vary with depth, and density has a better effect on sound velocity than porosity and median particle size. By comparing the sound velocity of the bottom seawater, the sound velocity profile within the same layer, and the sound velocity of the lower surface of the upper seabed sediment, four types of sound velocity structure models were established in the research area, involving low velocity surface-low velocity layer-sound velocity reduction type (GMI1), low velocity surface-high velocity layer-sound velocity increase type (GMI2), high velocity surface-low velocity layer-sound velocity rreduction type (GMII1), and high velocity surface-high velocity layer-sound velocity increase type (GMII2).There are significant differences in the acoustic characteristics and sound velocity gradient changes of sediments in the southern (Zone A) and northern (Zone B) regions of the Central Rift Valley. Zone A can be divided into GMII1 and GMII1-GMI1 types, while Zone B can be divided into GMI2 and GMI1-GMII2 types.
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图 1 菲律宾海地形图和研究区域示意图（a）和站点的采样位置（b）
a. 参考Qiu（2001），Kawabe and Fujio（2010）；b.水深数据来源于2022年GEBCO的最新数据. A区：中央裂谷带以南，B区：中央断裂带以北
Fig. 1. Topographic map of the Philippine Sea and schematic diagram of the study area (a) and sampling locations of stations (b)
图 2 声速与物理性质之间的关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between the sound velocity and the physical properties
图 3 声速与沉积物物理性质之间的相关系数
Fig. 3. Coefficient of correlation between the sound velocity and physical properties of the sediments
图 4 J53、J58、J43和J44四个站位沉积物声速和物理参数随埋深变化
Fig. 4. Changes in sediment sound velocity and physical parameters with depth at four stations J53, J58, J43, and J44
图 5 沉积物实测声速与经验公式预测声速值随埋深的变化
Fig. 5. Variation of the measured and empirical formula predicted sound velocity of the sediments with depth
图 6 A区和B区深海沉积物的声速结构
Fig. 6. Sound velocity structures of deep-sea sediments in Zone A and Zone B
表 1 研究区海底沉积物的声速和物理性质的范围值
Table 1. Range values of the acoustic velocity and physical properties of seafloor sediment in study area
区域 站位号 极值 vp(m/s) n(%) ρ(g/cm3) Md(Φ) A J53 最小 1 535 63.30 1.42 8.13 最大 1 674 66.16 1.58 8.40 平均 1 610 64.47 1.50 8.32 J58 最小 1 468 63.34 1.26 8.31 最大 1 623 69.63 1.51 8.42 平均 1 526 65.28 1.42 8.36 A 最小 1 468 63.30 1.26 8.13 最大 1 674 69.63 1.58 8.42 平均 1 565 64.91 1.45 8.34 B J43 最小 1 478 62.07 1.35 7.75 最大 1 592 69.54 1.62 8.27 平均 1 537 64.45 1.49 8.11 J44 最小 1 455 61.71 1.44 8.15 最大 1 532 65.77 1.62 8.29 平均 1 490 63.90 1.51 8.23 B 最小 1 455 61.71 1.35 7.75 最大 1 592 69.54 1.62 8.29 平均 1 515 64.19 1.50 8.16 全区 最小 1 455 61.71 1.26 7.75 最大 1 674 69.63 1.62 8.42 平均 1 540 64.55 1.48 8.25 注：vp是声速，ρ是沉积物湿密度，n是孔隙度，Md是中值粒径. 
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